نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار مؤسسه استاندارد و تحقیقات صنعتی ایران

2 استاد گروه دانشکده مهندسی بیوسیستم دانشگاه پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

بذر 10 رقم سویا به نام­های سحر (SR)، هیل (HL)، ویلیامز (WZ)، گرگان 3 (GN)، دیر (DR)، کلارک (KL)، هاوکی (HK)، زان (ZN) و هارکور (HR) (که در نقاط مختلف کشور کشت می­شوند)، و سیمس (SS) که مخصوص مناطق گرمسیری است و عمدتاً در خوزستان کشت می­شود، از مؤسسة تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر تهیه و پس از آماده­سازی، روغن آنها استحصال و از لحاظ معیارهای زیر تجزیه و تحلیل شد: نمایه شکست،‌ وزن مخصوص، رنگ، عدد یدی، عدد صابونی، عدد پراکسید، اسیدهای چرب آزاد، ترکیب اسیدهای چرب، و میزان فلزهای مس و آهن.  نتایج آماری نشان ­داد که بین واریته­های سویا در بیشتر فاکتورها اختلاف معنی­دار (05/0 <P) وجود دارد.  همچنین نتایج آنالیز با GC نشان داد که واریته­های زان و گرگان 3 به­ترتیب دارای کمترین و بیشترین اسیدهای چرب لینولنیک و لینولئیک بودند.  رقم زان بیشترین مقدار اسید اولییک را داشت.  بنابراین از نظر ترکیب شیمیایی به­ترتیب واریته­های زان (ZN)، هارکو (HR)و ویلیامز (WZ) برای صنایع روغن مناسب هستند.

عنوان مقاله [English]

Physico-Chemical and Qualitative Characteristics of Oil in Ten Soybeans Varieties Cultivated in Iran

چکیده [English]

Ten varieties of Iranian soybeans are cultivated in different areas of the country; Persia or Sahar (SR), Hill (HL), Williams (WZ), Gorgan 3 (GN), Clarke (KL), Hawkey (HK), Zaan (ZN), Harcor (HR), Dare (DR) and Simes (SS), grown in tropical regions. Samples of these 10 varieties were obtained from the Institute of Plant and Seed Research. After sample preparation, their oils were extracted and analyzed for iodine content, saponification, refractive index, specific gravity, peroxide, free fatty acids, color, fatty acids composition, Fe and Cu. Statistical results showed that there were significant differences (P < 0.05) between them. Fatty acid profiles showed that the ZN and GN varieties had the lowest and highest linoleic and linolenic fatty acids, respectively. The ZN variety had the highest oleic acid content. It was concluded that the ZN variety is best in chemical composition for oil production, with HR and WZ ranked second and third.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • CRUDE OIL
  • oilseed
  • Qualitative Specification
  • soybean
  • variety
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