نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

عضو هیئت علمی مؤسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور

چکیده

به منظور بررسی تأثیر مقادیر مختلف تک‌آبیاری در مراحل مختلف رشد بر عملکرد کلزای بهاره و بهبود بهره‌وری آب مصرفی، این تحقیق بر پایة طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی و به صورت اسپلیت­پلات، در سه تکرار و به مدت دو سال (1381 و 1382) روی رقم پیشرفته کلزای بهاره PF.7015.91 (ساری‌گل) در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم مراغه به اجرا درآمد.  کرت اصلی (مراحل رشد) در سه سطح (S1 : مرحلة طویل شدن ساقه، S2 : مرحلة گل‌دهی و S3 : مرحلة پر شدن غلاف یا غلاف‌بندی) و کرت فرعی در چهار سطح (مقادیر آب تک‌آبیاری) I0 : شرایط دیم (بدون آبیاری)، I30 : آبیاری به میزان 30 میلی‌متر، I60 : آبیاری به میزان 60 میلی‌متر و I90 : آبیاری به میزان 90 میلی‌متر در نظر گرفته شد.  بهره‌وری آب مصرفی (WP)1 و عملکرد دانه تعیین شد.  نتایج نشان داد که در تولید دانه بین تیمارهای تک‌آبیاری، مراحل رشد، و تأثیرات متقابل تک‌آبیاری و مراحل رشد در سطح آماری یک درصد تفاوت معنی‌داری وجود دارد.  تیمار تک‌آبیاری به میزان 60 میلی‌متر در مرحلة گل‌دهی با دارا بودن متوسط 1071 کیلوگرم در هکتار نسبت به تک‌آبیاری 90 میلی‌متری تفاوت معنی‌داری ندارد. این تیمار دارای بالاترین میزان کارایی مصرف آب (WUE)2
(46/2 کیلوگرم بر میلی‌متر آب مصرفی (تبخیر - تعرق واقعی))، بیشترین میزان بهره‌وری آب آبیاری (WPI) 09/8  کیلوگرم بر میلی‌متر و بیشترین مقدار بهره‌وری مجموع آب آبیاری و بارش (WPI+P)79/4 کیلوگرم بر میلی‌متر است و در شرایط وجود مقدار ثابت آب و امکان افزایش سطح زیر کشت، تیمار تک‌آبیاری به میزان 60 میلی‌متر در مرحلة گل‌دهی با 28/4 کیلوگرم بر میلی‌متر نسبت به تیمارهای دیگر برتری دارد.  لذا در شرایط آزمایش یک نوبت آبیاری کلزای  بهاره در مرحلة گل‌دهی  به میزان 60 میلی‌متر می‌تواند در افزایش معنی‌دار عملکرد محصول مؤثر باشد.        

عنوان مقاله [English]

Improving Water Productivity and Optimal Time and Amount of Single Irrigation for Rainfed Spring Rapeseed

چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effects of single irrigation amounts at different stages of rapeseed growth on yield and the improvement of water use efficiency and water productivity indices, this experiment was conducted as split plot arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications during 2002-2003 for rainfed spring rapeseed variety (PF.7015.91= Sarigol) at Maragheh Agricultural Research Station of DARI. The treatments included four levels of single irrigation amounts (rainfed, 30, 60 and 90mm of water use) at three growth stages (stem elongation, flowering and filling stage). The analysis of variance showed that, during two seasons of the study, there were significant effects due to single irrigation amounts, growth stages and their interactions. Results showed that the optimum level of single irrigation for increase and yield stability of rapeseed was 60mm water use at flowering stage which produced 1071kg.grain.ha-1. The WPI+P, WPI and WUE for this treatment were 4.79, 8.09 and 2.46kg.mm-1, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rainfed
  • Single irrigation
  • spring rapeseed
  • Water Productivity
  • Water use efficiency
  • yield
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