نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناس ارشد آبیاری و زهکشی دانشگاه تبریز

2 استادیار گروه مهندسی آب دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز

3 استادیارگروه مهندسی آب دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تبریز

4 عضو هیئت علمی موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور

چکیده

در شالیزارهای شمال کشور به منظور بررسی تأثیرات زهکشی و کود نیتروژنه بر عملکرد و روغن کلزا پژوهشی در مزرعة آزمایشی مؤسسة تحقیقات برنج کشور (رشت) به صورت اسپیلیت پلات بر مبنای طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با کشت رقم Hyola 308 در سه تکرار اجرا شد.  تیمارها شامل زهکشی و کود نیتروژنه بود: زهکشی در سه سطح (1- بدون زهکش،
2- زهکش سطحی با فاصلة 2 متر و عمق متوسط 15 سانتی‌متر، 3- زهکش سطحی با فاصلة 4 متر و عمق متوسط 15 سانتی‌متر با جویچه‌های عرضی به فاصلة 1 متربا عمق متوسط 7 سانتی‌متر) و کود نیتروژنه در چهار سطح (0، 150، 200 و 250 کیلوگرم نیتروژن خالص در هکتار که به صورت 3/1، 3/1، 3/1 تقسیط شد).  نتایج نشان داد که، زهکشی باعث افزایش عملکرد دانه، درصد روغن، برداشت نیتروژن، کارایی بازیافت نیتروژن، و کارایی زراعی به ترتیب و به میزان 33/94 تا 82/97 درصد، 47/2 تا 88/3 درصد، 55/96 تا 50/103 درصد، 01/88 تا 30/125 درصد، و 69/104 تا 18/167 درصد می­شود اما درصد پروتئین دانه به میزان 21/4 تا 76/9 درصد کاهش می­یابد.  کود نیتروژنه نیز باعث افزایش عملکرد اقتصادی، درصد پروتئین، و برداشت نیتروژن به ترتیب به میزان 08/199 تا 60/239 درصد، 31/5 تا 60/7، و 26/233 تا 44/292 درصد
می­شود.  اما با افزایش کود نیتروژنه درصد روغن، کارایی بازیافت نیتروژن، و کارایی زراعی به ترتیب و به میزان 74/0 تا 35/3 درصد، 24/10 تا 77/24 درصد، و 39/11 تا 84/21 درصد کاهش می­یابد.  به طور کلی در خاک‌های سنگین شالیزاری، مناطق با بارندگی بالا با در نظر گرفتن کلیة جوانب (مسایل زیست محیطی، شرایط خاک، سهولت اجرا، هزینه، و ...) می­توان زهکش 4 متری را با حداقل 150 کیلوگرم نیتروژن در هکتار پیشنهاد کرد.

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Surface Drainage and Different Rates of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Oil Percentage, Protein and Grain Yield of Rapeseed

چکیده [English]

This field experiment was conducted in order to investigate drainage and nitrogen fertilizer effects on grain yield and oil percentage of rapeseed. The split-plot method in a randomized block design (RCBD) with variety of Hyola 308 in three replications was employed in the paddy field at the north of Iran (Rasht - Rice Research Institute of Iran). Treatments were included three drainage levels (without drain; surface drain with 2m spacing and average depth of 15cm; surface drain with 4m spacing and average depth of 15cm vertical ditches of 1m spacing and average depth of 7cm) and four nitrogen fertilizer levels (0, 150, 200 and 250kgN/ha that split as 1/3, 1/3, 1/3). The results indicated that, drainage increased grain yield, oil percentage,nitrogen uptake, nitrogen recovery efficiency. Agronomy efficiency 94.33-97.82%, 2.47-3.88%, 96.55-103.50%, 88.01-125.30% and 104.69-167.18% respectively, but reduces protein percentage 4.21-9.76%. Also, nitrogen fertilizer increases grain yield, protein percentage and nitrogen uptake 199.08-239.60%, 5.31-7.60% and 233.26-292.44% respectively but reduces oil percentage,nitrogen recovery efficiency and agronomy efficiency 0.74-3.35%, 10.24-24.77% and 11.39-21.84% respectively. In general considering all phenomena involved in the paddy fields (environmental problems, soil condition, operational suitability, costs, ...) surface drain with 4m spacing along with nitrogen fertilizer of at least 150kgN/ha can be suggested.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nitrogen fertilizer
  • Oil
  • Rapeseed
  • Surface drainage
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