نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار پژوهش بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی قزوین

چکیده

میوة انگور، به مقدار زیاد و به شکل­های مختلف (تازه­خوری، کشمش، سرکه، شیره، آب‏میوه، غوره، و غیره) مصرف
 می­شود.  هر سال نیز مقادیر قابل توجهی انگور در انبارها و سردخانه‏ها نگهداری می‏شود تا خارج از فصل به بازار عرضه شود.  این نوع انگورها با کاهش شدید کیفیت و وزن همراه هستند.  این طرح با هدف بررسی عوامل مختلف مؤثر در عمر انبارمانی انگور و دستیابی به اطلاعات بیشتر دربارة شرایط و احتیاجات بهینه لازم برای حفظ کیفیت و کمیت میوه انگور پس از برداشت به منظور افزایش دورة نگهداری آن در سردخانه و به حداقل رساندن میزان ضایعات کیفی و کمی آن به هنگام عرضه به بازار در خارج از فصل اجرا شد.  بدین منظور دو رقم انگور فخری و شصت عروس انتخاب شدند که از ارقام کاملاً  دیررس با قابلیت نگهداری بالا و متداول در قزوین هستند.  این دو رقم انگور تحت تأثیر تیمارهایی مانند ضد‏عفونی با محلول قارچ‏کش قبل یا بعد از برداشت، تیمار گازSO2  قبل از انتقال به سردخانه و اثر متقابل آنها قرار گرفتند.  ارقام آزمایشی سپس در جعبه‏های با گنجایش 3 و 6 کیلوگرم برای مدت 30، 60، و 90 روز در دمای 1±0 درجة سانتی­گراد در سردخانه نگهداری شدند.  قبل از قرار دادن جعبه‏ها در سردخانه، متغیرهای مانند وزن‏تر، مقدار مواد جامد انحلال­پذیر (TSS) و کیفیت ظاهری هر تیمار یادداشت و پس از خروج از سردخانه علاوه بر متغیرهای فوق، میزان کاهش وزن، آلودگی به بیماری­ها، و درصد میوه‏های سالم اندازه‏گیری شد.  برای اجرای آزمایش از طرح فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 3 تکرار و برای مقایسة میانگین از آزمون دانکن استفاده شد.  نتایج نشان داد که رقم شصت عروس خواص انبارمانی بهتری نسبت به رقم فخری دارد.  بنابراین، برای نگهداری در سردخانه و عرضه به بازار در خارج از فصل مناسب‏تر است.  همچنین نشان داده شده که تدخین با گاز SO2 در کنترل رشد کپک و همچنین حفظ درصد بالاتر میوة سالم و قابل عرضه به بازار بسیار مؤثرتر از سایر روش­های ضدعفونی است.  هرچند غوطه‏ورسازی انگور در قارچ‏کش پس از برداشت نیز در رتبة دوم اهمیت قرار می­گیرد.  جعبه‏های 3 کیلوگرمی به دلیل آلودگی بسیار کمتر به کپک و باقی گذاشتن درصد بالاتری از میوه‏های سالم، برای انبار کردن میوة انگور مناسب‏تر هستند، هرچند درصد کاهش وزن میوه در جعبه‏های 3 کیلوگرمی بیشتر از 6 کیلوگرمی است.  مدت زمان انبارمانی تأثیر زیادی بر کلیة صفات (متغیرها) دارد به طوری که با افزایش زمان نگهداری میوه در انبار کیفیت و کمیت آن کاهش می‏یابد.

عنوان مقاله [English]

Possibility of Increasing Shelf-Life and Decreasing Losses of Some Iranian Grape Cultivars

چکیده [English]

Grape is used in large amounts and different types (fresh, raisin, vinegar, molasses, juice, unriped grape and etc). Remarkable amount also are preserved in stores and cold-rooms to be supplied out of season, that causes  quality and weight decrease. This research was conducted to study different factors which affect the grape shelf-life. Obtaining more information about optimum conditions and requirements for preserving grape fruits in cold-room and reduction of losses were the main objectives. For this purpose, two Fakhri and Shast-e-Arous cultivars late-ripen with high preservation ability and were selected as main cultivars in Qazvin. The grape were treated using: sterilization with fungicide solutions before or after harvest, So2 gas before transferring to cold-room and their interaction. Then they were placed in 3 and 6 kg boxes for 30, 60 and 90 days under 0±1°C in cold-room. Some variables such as fresh weight and TSS of each treatment were noted before placing boxes in cold-room. Other factors were also measuread after brining the boxes out from cold-room, such using weight reduction (%) diseased (%) and healthy fruits (%). The experiment was conducted as factorial based on CRD with 3 replications. Mean comparison was carried out by Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT). The results showed that Shast-e-Arous cultivar presented better storable properties than Fakhri. So, it was more suitable for preserving in cold-room and supplying out of season. So2 fumigation was more effective than the other fumigation methods for fungi growth control and also higher healthy and marketable fruit percent preserving. However, treating fruits with fungicide solution after harvest was in second grade, too. 3 kg boxes were more suitable than 6 kg ones because of having higher healthy fruit percent and very low infection to fungi. However, weight reduction was higher in 3 kg boxes than 6 kg ones. Storage period was very effective on all traits. So, fruit quality and quantity decreases as storage period increases.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Box Size
  • Cultivars
  • Fumigation
  • grape
  • shelf-life
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