Elham Azarpazhooh; Parvin Sharayei; Hadi Zeraatgar; Bita Beyzaie
Abstract
Fruit-based pastiles play a special role in the food culture of adolescents and young people, and their frequent and sufficient consumption has an effective role in achieving general health. In this study, functional pastille with a puffy texture was produced using the statistical method of central composite ...
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Fruit-based pastiles play a special role in the food culture of adolescents and young people, and their frequent and sufficient consumption has an effective role in achieving general health. In this study, functional pastille with a puffy texture was produced using the statistical method of central composite design. For this purpose, pastilles using jujube-apple puree as the main base of the formulation with percentages (20: 80, 40: 60: and 60:40 w/w of jujube-apple), flaxseed mucilage gum as a foam-forming amount (zero, 1, and 2%), whey protein concentrate as a source of protein and foam stabilizer (zero, 10 and 20%) were produced and tested using the response level method. The physical properties of the produced pastilles such as foam density, gas holding capacity, texture, color changes, and sensory evaluation were evaluated. In all cases, the quadratic model was able to fit the laboratory data appropriately. The results showed that the increase of gum in the pastille tissue increased the gas retention and decreased the density. With increasing the percentage of jujube-apple, in all percentages of whey protein, the firmness of the lozenge texture increased linearly. As the amount of flaxseed increased, the color changes first increased and then decreased. As the percentage of jujube-apple increases, the percentage of overall acceptance increases. While increasing the percentage of flax gum and whey protein had no significant effect on increasing the overall acceptance of samples. The optimal conditions for the formulation of puffy pastille were obtained with the percentage of jujube-apple 57:43%, flaxseed mucillage gum 2% and whey protein 13%. In optimal conditions, gas holding capacity, foam density, color changes, texture stiffness and overall acceptance were 45.55%, 0.244 g/ml, 50.11, 9.59 N and 4.47, respectively.
Elham Azarpazhooh; Parvin Sharayei; Hussein Chaji; Majid Rezaei Farimani
Abstract
Refractance Window is a novel drying system for producing high quality dry or concentrated foods. In this research, continuous refractance window drying was designed and built in Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO. In order to investigate the efficiency ...
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Refractance Window is a novel drying system for producing high quality dry or concentrated foods. In this research, continuous refractance window drying was designed and built in Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO. In order to investigate the efficiency of the refractance window system, thin slices of apples and peaches were dried using this system and compared with the samples dried by hot air dryer and sun drying method. Then, drying time curves and physico-chemical tests (color, texture, vitamin C content) and taste evaluation were performed on the samples. The results showed that the drying method had a significant effect on the physicochemical characteristics of apple and peach fruits. The drying time in refractance window method was significantly less than that in the sun and hot air dryer. Soluble solids increased after drying. The highest content of vitamin C in apples and peaches dried by refractance window method was (8.41 and 6.83 mg/100 grams), respectively, which was 0.24 and 0.06% in apples, and 0.34, 0.17% in peaches more than that in samples dried by sun and hot air drying respectively. Also, the results showed that the force required to break the tissue of apple fruit in the method of drying with refractance window was 0.38 and 0.12%, respectively, and in peaches fruits was 0.30 and 0.15% less than that in the methods of sun drying and air drying. The results of the sensory evaluation showed that the product dried by the refractance window method had a higher score in terms of parameters of color, aroma, texture, and overall acceptance in compatre to the other two drying methods
Parvin Sharayei; Homa Behmadi
Abstract
Consumers are seeking healthy, natural and fresh food matterials requiring minimal energy and time to be prepared. Onions and their products, rank first among edible alliums due to their medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of disinfection, packaging and storage ...
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Consumers are seeking healthy, natural and fresh food matterials requiring minimal energy and time to be prepared. Onions and their products, rank first among edible alliums due to their medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of disinfection, packaging and storage period on physicochemical properties of onion puree. For this purpose, onion puree were disinfected with different solutions including: (chlorine + citric acid + ascorbic acid), (nisin + citric acid), (acetic acid + menthol), (sodium sulfate + ascorbic acid + citric acid + calcium chloride), (calcium chloride + calcium Ascorbic + citric acid + water (80 ° C) and (control, without pretreatment). The products were then packaged in low density polyethylene in two ways under normal vacuum and conventional atmospheric packaging and stored for 21 days. The total amount of soluble solids (Brix), weight loss of total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity (%) and microbial test (total microbial count and mold and yeast) were measured on the samples once a week. Statistical analysis of data by factorial experiment in a completely randomized design showed that in all treatments, chemical properties decreased during storage and the total number of live microbes and the total number of mold and yeast increased. The results showed that in onion puree sample, pretreated with calcium chloride (0.5 g / 100 ml) + ascorbic acid (1 g per 100 ml) + citric acid (1 g per 100 ml) at 80 °C, chemical, phenolic compounds, antioxidant properties were preserved and had the lowest rate of microbial growth. Quantitative, qualitative and microbial properties in vacuum packaging were more appropriate than in conventional atmospheric packaging.
Shahin Zomorodi; Elham Azarpazhooh; Parvin Sharayei
Abstract
In this research, the effects of ultrasound and microencapsulation on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of bioactive compounds extracted from red grape of Roshe Sardasht cultivar were investigated. Response surface method was used to study the effects of intensity and process time of ultrasound. ...
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In this research, the effects of ultrasound and microencapsulation on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of bioactive compounds extracted from red grape of Roshe Sardasht cultivar were investigated. Response surface method was used to study the effects of intensity and process time of ultrasound. Independent variables included ultrasound intensity at three levels 20, 60 and 100% and process time also at three levels 5, 10, and 15 minutes. The results showed that with increasing ultrasound intensity, total phenolic compounds, Ferric reducing activity of plasma (RRAP) and DPPH free radical-scavenging assay increased, but then decreased (p < 0.05). Also with increasing the process time, the RRAP and DPPH assay decreased (P <0.05). , Ultrasound intensity at level of 60% and process time at level of 8.78 minutes were determined as optimum conditions for extraction of aqueous grape pomace. In this condition, the extraction efficiency, total phenolic compounds, the RRAP and DPPH assay were obtained 14.99%, 55.56 mg/g, 1608.94 μmole Fe2+/L and 78.80% respectively. Using the mixture of calcium alginate (0.1%) and maltodextrin with three concentration (5, 10 and 15%), the optimal extract of red grape pomace was microencapsulated by freeze drying method. The results of statistical analysis of the data showed that encapsulation yield, moisture, bulk density and particle size of the microencapsulated powders increased (P <0.05) with increasing the concentration of wall materials. The glass transition temperature of all microcapsules was higher than the ambient temperature. Microencapsulated powder with 15% maltodextrin had the highest phenolic content, FRAP, DPPH assay and glass transition temperature.
Abstract
در این پژوهش، تأثیر پیشتیمارهای ترکیبی اسمز- فراصوت بر نفوذ ترکیبات فنلی استخراج شده از پسماند انگور در ژل آلوئهورا بررسی و ویژگیهای کیفی نمونههای خشک شده آلوئهورا ...
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در این پژوهش، تأثیر پیشتیمارهای ترکیبی اسمز- فراصوت بر نفوذ ترکیبات فنلی استخراج شده از پسماند انگور در ژل آلوئهورا بررسی و ویژگیهای کیفی نمونههای خشک شده آلوئهورا با جریان هوای داغ ارزیابی شد. بدین منظور، ژل آلوئهورا با آگار شکلدهی شد و با تهیه برشهایی استوانهای (20 در 20 میلیمتر)، تأثیرروشهای مختلف (آبگیری اسمزی، فراصوت قبل از اسمز و فراصوت همزمان با اسمز) بر میزان از دست دادن آب، جذب مواد جامد، شاخص آبگیری و کاهش وزن نمونه ژل آلوئهورا اندازهگیری شد. نمونهها با خشککن کابینی با دمای ثابت 60 درجة سلسیوس، و سرعت هوای 1.5 متر بر ثانیه خشک شدند.نتایج بررسیها نشان داد، اِعمال فراصوت تأثیر معنی داری بر خواص فیزیکوشیمیایی آلوئهورا دارد. پیشتیمار فراصوت همزمان با اسمز، نسبت به سایر تیمارها، باعث افزایش میزان از دستدادن آب و میزان جذب مواد شد. علاوه بر این، در نمونه خشک شده ژل آلوئهورا که تحت پیشتیمار فراصوت همزمان با اسمز قرار گرفته بود، میزان ترکیبات مؤثر ناشی از نفوذ ترکیبات آنتوسیانینی پسماند انگور در ژل آلوئهورا بیشتر و رنگ محصول نهایی خشک شده آنروشنتر بود و به قرمزی تمایل پیدا کرد. نتایج ارزیابی حسی نمونهها نشان داد که پیشتیمار فوق باعث میشود تا رنگ، بافت و شکل ظاهری در نمونه آلوئهورای خشک شده بهتر حفظ شود.
