Food Engineering Research

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

FAQ

Peer Review Process

Journal Metrics

News

Mechanical Properties of Three Major Iranian Walnut Varieties under Compression Loading

Document Type : Research Paper

Abstract

Iran is a major world producer of walnuts and a hub of walnut exports to other countries. Walnut harvesting and cracking is still done manually, which increases price and waste. Design and development of an effective harvester and walnut crusher is required to reduce costs and wastage. This study determined the mechanical properties of a test apparatus employing two flat jaws using different treatments and walnut varieties. Testing was done on three varieties of walnuts at two speed loads (30 and 50 mm/min) in three directions (one vertical and two horizontal). A universal testing machine was used to determine the rupture force, rupture energy and toughness for Hartley, Z63 and Z30 walnut varieties. Results showed that the effect of variety and loading direction was significant at the 0.01 level and the effect of load speed was significant at the 0.05 level for rupture energy and toughness. The triple effect was not significant. Result shows that increasing loading speed increased rupture energy and rupture force and decreased toughness.

Keywords

References
Anon. 2007. Walnut. www.roshd.com   
Aydın, C. 2002. Physical properties of hazelnut. Biosys. Eng. 82(3): 297-303. (in Farsi)
Dursun, I.G. 1997. Determination of the shelling resistance of some products under the point load. Tarımsal Mekanizasyon Ulusal Kongresi, Tokat, Turkey. pp 950-957.
Guzel, E., Uulger, P. and Kayı-soglu, B. 1999. Food Processing Technology of Agricultural Materials. -Cukurova .Universitesi Ziraat Fak.ultesi Genel Yayın No:145. Adana. Turkey.
Koyuncu, M.A. and A-skın, M.A. 1999. Van G.ol .u cevresinde yeti-stiricili gi yapılan bazı ceviz tiplerinin depolanması czerine -calı-smalar [Studies on the storage of some walnut.
Koyuncu, M.A., Ekinci, K. and Savran, E. 2004. Cracking Characteristics of Walnut. Biosystems Engineering. 87(3): 305-311.
Koyuncu, M.A. Koyuncu, F. and Bakir, N. 2003. Selected drying conditions and storage period and quality of walnut selections. J. Food. Proc. Preserv. 27(2): 87-99.
Liang, T.A. 1977. A new processing for maximizing macadamia nut kernel recovery. Trans. ASAE. 20(3): 438-443.
Liang, T.A. Chin, L. and Mitchell. J.B. 1984. Modelling moisture influence on macadamia nut kernel recovery. Trans. ASAE. 27, 1538-1541.
Mansuri ardakan, H. 2000. Detect of jenotipt of walnut in Yazd state. Thesis of hush. Tarbiat modares uni. (in Farsi)
Mohsenin, N.N. 1970. Physical Properties of Plant and Animal Materials. Gordon and Breach Science Publisher. New York.
Movahed nejad, M.H. and khoshtaghaza, M.H. 2008. Investigation of effect of size, velocity and load direction on mechanical properties of lemon. 3rd Agriculture Congress  of Mechanical Machinery. Shiraz. 12 & 13 farvardin. (in Farsi)
Ozdemir, M. and OOzilgen, M. 1997. Comparison of the quality of hazelnut unshelled with different sizing and cracking systems. J. Agric. Eng. Res. 67, 219-227.
Sen, S.M. 1986. Cultivation of Walnut. Eser Matbaası, Samsun, Turkey, types grown around Van Lake. Turkish J. Agric. Forestry. 23(4): 785-796.
Sen, S.M. 1985. The correlations among shell thickness, shell cracking resistance, shell seal and shell upright cracking resistance with other some fruit quality factors on Persian walnuts. 9(1): 10-24.
Tang, G.P., Liang, T. and Munchmeyer, F.A. 1982. A variable deformation macadamia nut cracker. Trans. ASAE. 25(6): 1506-1522.
Valizaade, M. and Moghadam, M. 2003. Agricultural Examination plan. Tabriz pub. (in Farsi)
Xavier, J.A. 1997. Study of macadamia nut breakage. M.Sc Thesis. Botucatu. SP. UNESP. Brazil.
 
Food Engineering Research
Volume 12, Issue 4 - Serial Number 4
January 0
Pages 87-102
Files
Share
How to cite
Statistics