Food Engineering Research

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

FAQ

Peer Review Process

Journal Metrics

News

Generating a Digital Management Map Using GPS for Herbicide Application by VRA Spraying

Document Type : Research Paper

Abstract

This paper presents a method for generating a digital management map to apply Cyanazine pre-emergence herbicide. The main objective was to develop a precision method to generate management maps for the variable rate application of herbicide to reduce the amount of herbicide applied and its adverse impact on the environment. First, local and UTM coordinates of a field were determined using Total Station and four static GPS receivers. Data processing was performed using a PC with Compass software. A 14.8 m grid was created using Land software and laid out on the field. Grid point sampling was done at the center of each cell at a depth of 20 cm and analyzed in a laboratory. The laboratory results showed that the range of, maximum, and minimum soil organic matter content (OMC) was 0.82, 1.25 and 0.43, respectively. OMC had a normal distribution with an average of 0.86% and a standard deviation of 0.18%. Soil texture varied between loam, sandy loam and loamy sand. The Kriging interpolation method was then used to determine the make-up at other points in the grid. By considering manufacturer recommendations for herbicide application based on OMC and soil texture, four zones were determined for herbicide application rates of 1.4, 1.7, 2.9 and 3.5 l/ha. A digital map was then generated and used to determine that the total required herbicide was 1.61 l/ha. It was determined from the map that herbicide application could be decreased up to 13% using an application rate of 1.6 l/ha instead of 2.9 l/ha over 67.9% of the field area. The map can be utilized to determine desired input for an electronic controller of a VRA boom sprayer.

Keywords

References
Al-Gaadi, K. A. and Ayers, P. D. 1999. Integrating GIS and GPS into a spatially variable rate herbicide application system. Trans. ASAE. 15(4): 255-262.
Anon.   1996. Crop Protection Chemical Reference. 12th Ed. New York.N.Y: Chemical & Pharmaceutical Press.
Anon. 2006. Brochure of X20 GPS Integrated L1 GPS. Hauce Company. China.
Anon. 2007. http://www.agri-jahad.ir. Statistics of Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture. Iran
Bauer, W. D. and Schefcik, M. 1994. Using differential GPS to improve crop yields. GPS World. 38-41.
Blumhorst, M. R., Weber, J. B. and Swain, L. R. 1990. Efficacy of selected herbicides as influenced by soil properties. Weed Technol. 4(2):279-283.
Carrara, M. Comparetti, A. Febo, P. and Orlando, S. 2004. Spatially variable rate herbicide application on durum wheat in sicily. Biosys. Eng. 87(4): 387–392.
Ebne-Jalal, R. 2007. GPS Satellite Surveying. Shahid Chamran University Press. Ahvaz. Iran. (in Farsi)
Ferguson, R. B. and Hergert, G. W. 2000. Soil Sampling for Precision Agriculture.Cooperative Extension Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources. University of Nebraska.
Fisher, K. B., Shropshire, G. J., Peterson, C. L. and Dowding, E. A. 1993. A spatially variable liquid fertilizer applicator for wheat. ASAE Paper No. 93-1074. St. Joseph. Mich.
Jafari Haghighi, M. 2003. Methods of Soil Analysis, Sampling and Important Physical & Chemical Analysis with Emphasis on the Theoretical & Applied Principles.Compilation.  Nedaye Zahi Pub. Sari. Iran. (in Farsi)
Lamastus-Stanford, F. E. and Shaw, D. R. 2004. Evaluation of site-specific weed management implementing the herbicide application decision support system (HADSS). Precision Agric. 5, 411-426.
Loghavi, M. 2004. The Precision Farming Guide for Agriculturists. Rendition. Agricultural Research and Education Organization. Iran. (in Farsi)
Medlin, C. R. and Shaw, D. R. 2000. Economic comparison of broadcast and site-specific herbicide application in nontransgenic and glyphosate-tolerant glysine max. Weed Sci. 48, 653-661.
Millette, J. A., Raju, G. S. and Wang, C. 1992. Spatial variability of selected herbicide residues in soils. ASAE Paper No. 92-3609. St. Joseph, Mich.
Nishiwaki, K., Amaha, K. and Otani, R. 2004. Development of positioning system for precision sprayer. Automation Technology for Off-Road Equipment. Proceedings of the Oct. 7-8 Conference (Kyoto, Japan). ASAE Pub No. 701P1004.
Ollila, D. G., Schumacher, J. A. and Frochlich, D. P. 1990. Integrating field grid sense system with direct injection technology. ASAE Paper No. 90-1628. St. Joseph, Mich. USA.
Qiu, W., Watkins, G. A.,  Sobolik, C. J. and  Shearer, S. A. 1998. A feasibility study of direct injection variable-rate herbicide application. Trans. ASAE. 4(2):291-299.
Rastgar, M. 2000. Herbicides and Control Methods. Compilation. 2nd Edition. Academic Pub Center. Tehran. Iran. (in Farsi)
Sudduth, K. A., Kitchen, N. R., Wiebold, W. J., Batchelor, W. D., Bollero, G. A., Bullock, D. G., Clay, D.E., Palm, H. L., Pierce, F. J., Schuler, R. T. and Thelen, K. D. 2005. Relating apparent electrical conductivity to soil properties across the North-Central USA. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 46, 263-283.
Tyler, W., Rider-Jeffrey, W., Vogel. J., Anita Dille-Kevin, C. and Dhuyvetter-Terry, L. 2006. An economic evaluation of site-specific herbicide application. Precision Agric. 7, 379-392.
Weber, J. B., Tucker, M. R. and Isaac, R. A. 1987. Making herbicide rate recommendations based on soil tests. Weed Technol. 1(1):41-45.
West, C. P., Mallarino, A. P., Weider, W. F. and Marx, D. B. 1989. Spatial variability of soil chemical properties in grazed pastures. Soil Sci. Soc. Ame. 53, 784-789.
Zand, E. 2008. Evaluation of agricultural inputs conditions in Iran. The 3th Congress of Agricultural Ecology. University of Shahid Beheshti. Tehran. Iran. (in Farsi
Food Engineering Research
Volume 10, Issue 3 - Serial Number 3
January 0
Pages 29-44
Files
Share
How to cite
Statistics