Document Type : Research Paper

Abstract

Concrete is one of the most important construction materials widely using in hydraulic structures, such as lining of irrigation canals. Concrete durability might be decreased due to the environmental or inner factors with physical, chemical or mechanical reactions. Since, the climatologically condition is variable in most part of the country, local studies are needed to evaluate of the weakness and straight of the different concrete component for a given climate. Therefore even thought a large expense is used for lining of irrigation canals, most of these projects have low conveyance and distribution efficiency. This study was conducted for evaluation of failure factors in applied concrete lining in irrigation canals of Hamadan-Bahar plain. The main issue in irrigation canals of the mentioned plain has been destruction of lining, which appeared as cracks and destruction in concrete linings. The main purpose of this research was determination of effective factors for destruction of irrigation canals in four different locations namely, Gondehjin, Bahadorbeig, Abroomand and khooshabe Olia. The data collection were include samples of concrete linings, inflow water in canals and bed soil of lining. Totally, 9 samples of concrete, 12 of water and 78 of bed soil were collected. The samples were tested based on standard methods of ASTM and the results were compared with the primary documentations on design and performance of each irrigation canals as well as Iranian Concrete Code and ACI. According to results, the main causes of cracking and destructing of concrete lining of irrigation canals were: (i) the factors that related to concrete preparation (inner factors) such as improper vibration, wormy holes and low compressive strength, (ii) environmental factors such as temperature variation and freezing and thawing.

Keywords

Anon. 1992. Iranian Concrete Issue (ICI). Plan and Budget Organization. No. 120. (in Farsi)
Anon. 1996. Plan and Budget Organization. Concrete Structures of Environmental Engineering (Translated of ACI 350R-89), Examination of Water Stopping in Reinforced Concrete Structures. No. 150. (in Farsi)
Anon. 2006. Available on the: http://www.concrete.
Asgari, F. and Fakher, A. 1994. Swelling and Dispersive of Soils from Geotechnical Engineer Point of View. Jihad-e-University. Tehran. Iran. (in Farsi)
Bahramloo, R. 2004. Evaluation of technical and operation management problems of irrigation canals in Hamedan-Bahar plain. Research Report. No. 1156. Hamedan Agricultural Research Center. (in Farsi)
Bahramloo, R. 2006. Study of failure factors in concrete lining of irrigation canals in Haamedan-Bahar plain.  Research Report. No. 950. Agricultural Engineering Research Institute. (in Farsi)
Dtta, T. K. and Kamal, Z. 1989. Durability of concrete in ocean environment. Proceedings of the First Seminar on the Role of Admixtures in the Development of Concrete Technology. May. 9-10. Iran.
Ghalibafian, M. 1990. Correction of reinforced concrete structures and transformations of time function. International Conference of Concrete. Tehran. Iran. (in Farsi)
Golabtoonchi, E. and Talebi, S. 2001. Many factors of cracking in lining of irrigation canals. Workshop in Construction of Irrigation Canals, Limitations and Solutions. Iranian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage. No. 39. Tehran. Iran. (in Farsi)
Mehta, P. K. and Gjorv, O. E. A. 1974. New test for sulphate resistance of cements. J. Testing Evaluation. ASTM. 12(6): 15-31.
Rahimi, H. 2001. Problems of irrigation canals construction in difficulty soils. Workshop in Construction of Irrigation Canals, Limitations and Solutions. Iranian National Committee on Irrigation and Drainage. No. 39. Tehran. Iran. (in Farsi)   
Rahimi, H. and Abbasi, N. 2002. Failure of irrigation canal lining on sandy soils (A case study, Saveh irrigation network). Iranian J. of Agric. Sci. 33(4): 42-58. (in Farsi)
Rahimi, H. and Azinfar, H. 1998. Evaluation of failure in hydraulic structures related with sulfates type. Research Report. No. 113. Agricultural Engineering Research Institute. (in Farsi)
Ramazanianpour, A. A. and Peidaiesh, M. 1992. Problems of concrete structurals in warm corrosive climates (Persian Golf). International Conference of Concrete. Nov. 10-12. Tehran. Iran. (in Farsi)
Ramazanianpour, A. A. and Shahnazari, M. R. (Translated). 1988. Concrete Technology. University of Science and Industry. Tehran. Iran. (in Farsi)
Seiied Asgari, N. 1987. Damages of Concrete and its Reasons. Ministry of Housing and City Building. Research Center of Building and Dwelling. (in Farsi)
Triantafillis. A. 1990. Repair and restoration of damaged reinforced concrete structures with EMACO. International Conference of Concrete. University of Tehran. Tehran. Iran.
Vakili, M. B. and Ramazanianpour, A. A. 1992. Study of erosion factors in concrete structures of filter stations of Marghzar and Sarbandar. International Conference of Concrete. Nov. 10-12. Tehran. Iran.