Food Engineering Research

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

FAQ

Peer Review Process

Journal Metrics

News

The Effects of Moisture Content on Physico-Chemical Properties of Confectionary Sunflower Seeds

Document Type : Research Paper

Abstract

The study of physicochemical and mechanical characteristics of sunflower seeds are important when the designing of control equipment’s, transportation, processing, and product storage are concerned. In this study, physicochemical and mechanical characteristics of four varieties of confectionary sunflower seeds were evaluated. Some of the assessed physicochemical and mechanical properties include: the content of total ash, fat, and minerals and also the mean length, width, thickness, diameter, sphericity, surface area, volume, 1000-grain weight, angle of repose, porosity, particle density and bulk density, hull and kernel percentage, coefficient of friction surface and axial compression test. The results showed that the highest amount of fat content (48%) and potassium content (76.639 mg per kg) were found in  sample number 3; and highest amount of  ash content (3.83%) and sodium content (25.318 mg per kg) were found in sample number 4. Physical properties of sunflower seeds were studied in five moisture content levels of 4% to 32% (based on dry basis weight). The results reaealed increasing trend in length, width, thickness, sphericity, geometric and arithmetic mean diameter, surface area, volume, 1000-grain weight, angle of repose, porosity and density upon increasing moisture content; while, bulk density decreased. The coefficient of static friction of all seeds at glass, chipboard, galvanized, and aluminum surfaces increased with the increase in moisture content. When the moisture content increased from 4 to 32 percent, the highest increase in the coefficient of static friction was observed in sample number 3 with aluminum surface and the lowest increase in the coefficient of static friction was observed in sample number 1 with glass surface. Based on results obtained from the axial compression test, the vertical loading force was found to be more than that the horizontal loading force and in all samples, the total vertical and horizontal loading forces were decreased by increasing the moisture content.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References
Ahmadi, H., Mollazade, K., Khorshidi, J., Mohtasebi, S.S. and Rajabipour, A. 2009. Some physical and mechanical properties of fennel seed (Foeniculum vulgare). Journal of Agricultural Science. 1(1): 66-75.
Amin, M., Hossain, M. and Roy, K. 2004. Effects of moisture content on some physical properties of lentil seeds. Journal of Food Engineering. 65, 83-87.
Ashwini, T. 2013. Development of power operated decorticator for confectionery sunflower seeds (Helianthus Annuus L.). Doctoral dissertation, University of Agricultural Sciences GKVK, Bangalore.
Baryeh, E. A., and Mangope, B. 2003. Some physical properties of QP-38 variety pigeon pea. Journal of Food Engineering. 56, 59-65.
Baümler, E., Cuniberti, A., Nolasco, S.M. and Riccobene, I.C. 2006. Moisture dependent physical and compression properties of safflower seed. Journal of Food Engineering. 72, 134-140.
Bhise, S., Kaur, A. and Manikantan, M. 2013. Moisture dependant physical properties of sunflower seed (Psh 569). International Journal Engineering Sciences. 2(8): 23-27.
Cetin, M. 2007. Physical properties of barbunia bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv.‘Barbunia’) seed. Journal of Food Engineering. 80, 353-358.
Davies, R., and El-Okene, A. 2009. Moisture-dependent physical properties of soybeans. International Agrophysics. 23(3): 299-303. 
De Figueiredo, A.K., Baümler, E., Riccobene, I.C. and Nolasco, S.M. 2011. Moisture-dependent engineering properties of sunflower seeds with different structural characteristics. Journal of Food Engineering. 102, 58-65.
Deshpande, S., Bal., S. and Ojha, T. 1993. Physical properties of soybean. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research. 56(2): 89-98.
Dutta, S., Nema, V. K. and Bhardwaj, R. 1988. Physical properties of gram. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research. 39(4): 259-268.
Eissa, A.H.A., Mohamed, M.A., Moustafa, H. and Alghannam, A.R.O. 2010. Moisture dependent physical and mechanical properties of chickpea seeds. International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering. 3(4):80-93.
Eşref, I., and Halil, Ü. 2007. Moisture-dependent physical properties of white speckled red kidney bean grains. Journal of Food Engineering. 82, 209-216.
FAO. FAOSTAT data. Agriculture [Online]. Available: http://faostat.fao.org [Accessed 25 September 2013].
Gupta, R., and Das, S. 1997. Physical properties of sunflower seeds. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research. 66(1): 1-8.
Gupta, R., and Prakash, S. 1992. The effect of seed moisture content on the physical properties of JSF-1 safflower. Journal of Oilseeds Research. 9, 209-216.
Joshi, D., Das, S. and Mukherjee, R. 1993. Physical properties of pumpkin seeds. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research. 54(3): 219-229.
Khodabakhshian, R., Emadi, B. and Fard, M. A. 2010. Some engineering properties of sunflower seed and its kernel. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 4(4): 37-46.
Mirzabe, A.H., Khazaei, J., Chegini, G.R. and Gholami, O. 2013. Some physical properties of almond nut and kernel and modeling dimensional properties. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal. 15(2): 256-265.
Mohsenin, N.N., 1970. Physical properties of plant and animial materials. Physical properties of plant and animial materials. Vol. 1. Structure, physical characterisitics and mechanical properties. Gordon and Breach Science., New York.
Nel, A. A. 2001. Determinants of sunflower seed quality for processing. Ph.D. Thesis. Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences. Pretoria University, Pretoria.
Perez, E.E., Crapiste, G.H. and Carelli, A.A., 2007. Some physical and morphological properties of wild sunflower seeds. Biosystems engineering. 96(1):41-45.
Pradhan, R., S. Naik, N. Bhatnagar, and V. Vijay. 2009. Moisture-dependent physical properties of jatropha fruit. Industrial Crops and Products 29: 341-347.
Raphael, M., Rohani, S. and Sosulski, F. 1995. Isoelectric precipitation of sunflower protein in a tubular precipitator. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering. 73(4): 470-483.
Razavi, S. M., Rafe, A. Moghaddam, T. M. and Amini, A. M. 2007. Physical properties of pistachio nut and its kernel as a function of moisture content and variety. Part II. Gravimetrical properties. Journal of Food Engineering, 81:218-225.
Sacilik, K., Öztürk, R. and Keskin, R. 2003. Some physical properties of hemp seed. Biosystems Engineering 86(2): 191-198.
Sangamithra, A., John, S. G., Sorna Prema, R., Nandini, K., Kannan, K., Sasikala, S. and Suganya, P. 2016. Moisture dependent physical properties of maize kernels. International Food Research Journal. 23, 109-115.
Seifi, M. R., and Alimardani, R. 2010. Moisture-dependent physical properties of sunflower seed (SHF8190). Modern Applied Science. 4(7):135-143.
Selvi, K. Ç., Pınar, Y. and Yeşiloğlu, E. 2006. Some physical properties of linseed. Biosystems Engineering 95(4): 607-612.
Shukla, B. D., and Srivastava, P. K. 1992. Oilseed processing technology. Sunflower. Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering Publications., India. PP: 179-208.
Simonyan, K.J., Yiljep, Y.D., Oyatoyan, O.B. and Bawa, G.S. 2009. Effects of moisture content on some physical properties of Lablab purpureus (L.) sweet seeds. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal.
Singh, N., Singh, R., Kaur, K. and Singh, H. 1999. Studies of the physico-chemical properties and polyphenoloxidase activity in seeds from hybrid sunflower (Helianthus annuus) varieties grown in India. Food chemistry. 66(2):241-247.
Sologubik, C.A., Campañone, L.A., Pagano, A.M. and Gely, M.C. 2013. Effect of moisture content on some physical properties of barley. Industrial Crops and Products. 43, 762-767.
Tabatabaeefar, A. 2003. Moisture-dependent physical properties of wheat. International Agrophysics. 17(4): 207-212.
Tarighi, J., Mahmoudi, A. and Karami Rad, M. 2011. Moisture-dependent engineering properties of sunflower (var. Armaviriski). Australian Journal of Agricultural Engineering. 2(2): 40-44.
Tavakoli, H., Rajabipour, A. and Mohtasebi, S.S. 2009. Moisture-dependent some engineering properties of soybean grains. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal.
Velayati, E., B. Emadi, M. Khojastehpour, and M, Saidirad. 2011. The Effect of Moisture Content on Physical Properties of Berberis. Journal of Agricultural Machinery Engineering. Ferdowsi University. Mashhad. 1(2): 100-109 (In Persian).
W.A.A. Organization. West Azerbaijan Agricultural Organization [Online]. Available  at: http://waaj.ir/.
Wandkar, S.V., Ukey, P.D. and Pawar, D.A., 2012. Determination of physical properties of soybean at different moisture levels. Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal. 14(2):138-142.
Food Engineering Research
Volume 19, Issue 1 - Serial Number 68
January 2021
Pages 17-34
Files
Share
How to cite
Statistics