Document Type : Research Paper
Abstract
Medlar (Mespilus germanica) is widely cultivated in northern Iran and used as an edible fruit as well as home remedies. Short storage life of medlar fruit and its high susceptibility to weight loss and browning are the main limiting factors for its marketability. The aim of current work is to study geometrical (extracted from image), physical (texture and color) and chemical (titratable acidity) properties of medlar to determine the maturity and ripening stages. These parameters are of high importance due to their relation with sensorial quality and their effects on ripening level of medlar. The results revealed that none of the factors mensioned above were stable during the experiment. Result indicated that the lightness (L*), titratable acidity, firmness, h* and ripening index (RPI) decreased during medlar cold storage; while redness (a*), yellowness (b*), and C* values, total soluble solids and pH of medlar increased during this period. The use of the RPI made it possible to characterize three ripening stages (Fresh Medlar (FM), Ripe Medlar (RM), and OverRipe Medlar (ORM)) during the storage period of medlar. The results also showed that there was a significant relationship between ripeness stage and geometrical properties of medlar.
Keywords
Main Subjects
Afsharnia, F., Mehdizadeh, S., Ghaseminejad, M., and Heidari, M. 2017. The effect of dynamic loading on abrasion of mulberry fruit using digital image analysis. Information Processing in Agriculture. 4(4): 291-299.
Arzate-Vazquez, I., Chanona-Perez, J., Perea-Flores, M., Calderon-Domı´nguez, G., Moreno-Armendariz, M., and Gutierrez-Lopez, G. 2011. Image processing applied to classification of avocado variety Hass (Persea americana Mill) during the ripening process. Food and Bioprocess Technology. 4(7): 1307-1313.
Ashournezhad, M., and Ghasemnezhad, M. 2012. Effects of cellophane-film packaging and cold storage on the keeping quality and storage life of loquat fruit (Eriobotrya japonica). Iranian Journal of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology. 7(2): 95-102.
Ayaz, F., Glew, R., Huang, H., Chuang, L., VanderJagt, D., and Strnad , M. 2002. Evolution of fatty acids in mediar (Mespilus germanica L.) mesocarp at different stages of ripening. Grasas Aceites. 53(3): 352-356.
Bhargava, A., and Bansal, A. 2018. Fruits and Vegetables Quality Evaluation Using Computer Vision: A Review. Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences, In press. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2018.06.002.
Billy, L., Mehinagic, E., Royer, G., Renard , C., Arvisenet , G., and Prost, C. 2008. Relationship between texture and pectin composition of two apple cultivars during storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology. 47 (3): 315-324.
Cardenas-Perez, S., Chanona-Perez, J., Mendez-Mendez, J., Calderon-Domınguez, G., Lopez-Santiago, R., Perea-Flores, M., and Arzate-Vazquez, I. 2017. Evaluation of the ripening stages of apple (Golden Delicious) by means of computer vision system. Biosystems Engineering. 159, 46-58.
Dincer, B., Colak, A., Aydin, N., Kadioglu, A., and Guner, S. 2002. Characterization of polyphenoloxidase from medlar fruits (Mespilus germanica L., Rosaceae). Food Chemistry. 77(1): 1–7.
Gordon, E., and Barrett, D. 2012. Pectin methylesterase activity and other factors affecting pH and titratable acidity in processing tomatoes. Food Chemistry. 132(2): 915-920.
Guadarrama, A., and Andrade, S. 2012. Physical, chemical and biochemical changes of Sweetsop (Annona squamosa L.) and golden apple (Spondias citherea Sonner) fruits during ripening. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. 2(11): 1148-1157.
Hacıseferogulları, H., Ozcan, M., Hakan Sonmete, M., and Ozbek, O. 2005. Some physical and chemical parameters of wild medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) fruit grown in Turkey. Journal of Food Engineering. 69(1): 1–7.
Helrich, K. 1990. AOAC Official Methods of Analysis. Official Methods of Analysis of the AOAC International.
Isbilir, S., Kabala, S., and Yagar, H. 2019. Assessment of in vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Capacities of Medlar (Mespilus germanica). Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 47(2): 384-389.
Jahns, G., Nielsen, H., and Paul, W. 2001. Measuring image analysis attributes and modeling fuzzy consumer aspects for tomato quality grading. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 31(1): 17–29.
Khadivi, A., Rezaei, M., Heidari, P., Safari-Khuzani, A., and Sahebi, M. 2019. Morphological and fruit characterizations of common medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) germplasm. Scientia Horticulturae. 252, 38-47.
Khoshnam, F., Tabatabaeefar, A., Ghasemi Varnamkhasti, M., and Borghei, A. 2007. Mass modeling of pomegranate fruit with some physical characteristics. Scientia Horticulturae. 114(1): 21–26.
Li, Z., Li, P., and Liu, J. 2011. Physical and mechanical properties of tomato fruits as related to robot’s harvesting. Journal of Food Engineering. 103(2): 170–178.
Mamashloo, S., Sadeghi Mahoonak, A., Ghorbani, M., Alami, M., and Khomeiri, M. 2012. The evaluation of antioxidant properties and stability of phenolic copmpounds from medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) fruit. Journal of Research and Innovation in Food Science and Technology. 1(3): 219-228.
Mohammadi, V., Kheiralipour, K., and Ghasemi-Varnamkhasti, M. 2015. Detecting maturity of persimmon fruit based on image processing technique. Scientia Horticulturae. 184, 123–128.
Nunes, M., and Emond, J. 2002. Storage temperature. In J. Bartz, and J. Brecht (Eds.), Postharvest Physiology and pathology. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc. pp: 209-228
Paull, R. 1999. Effect of temperature and relative humidity on fresh commodity quality. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 15(3), 263-277.
Raftani Amiri, Z., and Akbari, N. 2018. Evaluation of physicochemical and microbiological properties, antioxidant activities and phenolic Compounds of medlar (Mespilus germanica L.) syrup. Food Science and Technology. 15(75): 81-88.
Rop , O., Sochor, J., Jurikova, T., Zitka, O., Skutkova, H., Mlcek, J., Sales, P., Krska, B., Babula, P., Adam, V., Kramarova, D., Beklov, M., Provaznik, I., Kizek, R. 2011. Effect of Five Different Stages of Ripening on Chemical Compounds in Medlar (Mespilus germanica L.). Molecules. 16(1): 74-91.
Salehi, F., and Kashaninejad, M. 2016. Physicochemical and Rheological Properties of Wild Medlar Concentrate. Food Science and Technology. 13(59): 49-57.
Vélez-Rivera, N., Blasco, J., Chanona-Pérez, J., Calderón-Domínguez, G., Perea-Flores, M., Arzate- Vázquez, I., Cubero, S., Farrera-Rebollo, R. 2014. Computer Vision System Applied to Classification of “Manila” Mangoes During Ripening Process. Food and Bioprocess Technology. 7(4): 1183–1194.
Wan, P., Toudeshki, A., Tana, H., and Ehsani, R. 2018. A methodology for fresh tomato maturity detection using computer vision. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 146(1): 43-50.
Wanitchang, J., Terdwongworakul, A., Wanitchang, P., and Noypitak, S. 2010. Maturity sorting index of dragon fruit: Hylocereus polyrhizus. Journal of Food Engineering. 100(3): 409–416.
)