Food Engineering Research

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

FAQ

Peer Review Process

Journal Metrics

News

Evaluation of the Migration of Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether from Nano Epoxy Lacquer and its Comparison in Food Simulants

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 student

2 Dept. Food Sci. Tecnol. Univ. Tehran

3 Sharif University of Technology, Tehran – Iran

4 Department of Food Science and Technology, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA)-based epoxy resins are widely used in food contact materials such as metal can coatings. The adverse effects of bisphenol A on the consumer have led the food packaging industry to continually improve safety. In this study, epoxy coatings manufactured with nanoparticles are subjected to migration testing in order to identify bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) migration from the coatings. Migration of BADGE from epoxy/TiO2/Al2O3 nanocomposite into ethanol 10% (v/v), ethanol 20% (v/v), ethanol 95% (v/v), and acetic acid 3% (w/v) food simulants was studied at conditions of contact filling (60 min at 60 and 121°C) and storage condition (10 days at 40 °C). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed to determine the level of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) that migrated from the nanocomposite to the food simulants. The results indicated the levels of BADGE migrating from epoxy/TiO2/Al2O3 nanocomposite to the food simulants under the conditions of contact filling and storage did not exceed the specific migration limits.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References
Commission, E. U. 2011. Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 of 14 January 2011 on plastic material and articles intended to come into contact with food: OJ.
El-Kosasy, A. M., Ayad, M. F., and Mabrouk, O. M. 2018. Validated chemometrics-assisted spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous determination of bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether and some of its reaction products in canned foods in the Egyptian market. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 203, 443-449.
Gallart-Ayala, H., Moyano, E., and Galceran, M. 2011. Fast liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of bisphenol A-diglycidyl ether, bisphenol F-diglycidyl ether and their derivatives in canned food and beverages. Journal of Chromatography A. 1218(12): 1603-1610.
Guo, M., He, M., Zhong, J., He, Q., Ismail, B. B., Chen, G., and Liu, D. 2020. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-fluorescence method for determination of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and its derivatives in canned foods. Science of the Total Environment. 710, 134975.
Just, N., and Faber, C. 2019. Probing activation‐induced neurochemical changes using optogenetics combined with functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy: a feasibility study in the rat primary somatosensory cortex. Journal of Neurochemistry. 150(4), 402-419.
Kovačič, A., Gys, C., Gulin, M. R., Kosjek, T., Heath, D., Covaci, A., and Heath, E. 2020. The migration of bisphenols from beverage cans and reusable sports bottles. Food Chemistry. 331, 127326.
Matsumoto, K., and Endo, T. 2008. Confinement of ionic liquid by networked polymers based on multifunctional epoxy resins. Macromolecules. 41(19): 6981-6986.
Míguez, J., Herrero, C., Quintás, I., Rodríguez, C., Gigosos, P., and Mariz, O. 2012. A LC–MS/MS method for the determination of BADGE-related and BFDGE-related compounds in canned fish food samples based on the formation of [M+ NH4]+ aducts. Food Chemistry. 135(3): 1310-1315.
Munguia-Lopez, E. M., and Soto-Valdez, H. 2001. Effect of heat processing and storage time on migration of bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol A− diglycidyl ether (BADGE) to aqueous food simulant from Mexican can coatings. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 49(8): 3666-3671.
Noureddine El Moussawi, S., Cladière, M., Chébib, H., Ouaini, R., and Camel, V. 2019. Empirical models to predict the effect of sterilisation and storage on bisphenols migration from metallic can coatings into food simulants. Food Additives and Contaminants: Part A. 36(12): 1937-1949.
Paseiro-Cerrato, R., DeVries, J., and Begley, T. H. 2017. Evaluation of short-term and long-term migration testing from can coatings into food simulants: Epoxy and acrylic–phenolic coatings. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 65(12): 2594-2602.
Petersen, H., Biereichel, A., Burseg, K., Simat, T. J., and Steinhart, H. 2008. Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) migrating from packaging material ‘disappears’ in food: reaction with food components. Food Additives and Contaminants. 25(7): 911-920.
Poole, A., Van Herwijnen, P., Weideli, H., Thomas, M., Ransbotyn, G., and Vance, C. 2004. Review of the toxicology, human exposure and safety assessment for bisphenol A diglycidylether (BADGE). Food Additives and Contaminants. 21(9): 905-919.
Sueiro, R. A., Suárez, S., Araujo, M., and Garrido, M. J. 2006. Study on mutagenic effects of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and its derivatives in the Escherichia coli tryptophan reverse mutation assay. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis. 609(1): 11-16.
van de Pas, D. J., and Torr, K. M. 2017. Biobased epoxy resins from deconstructed native softwood lignin. Biomacromolecules. 18(8): 2640-2648.
Wang, D., Zhao, H., Fei, X., Synder, S. A., Fang, M., and Liu, M. 2021. A comprehensive review on the analytical method, occurrence, transformation and toxicity of a reactive pollutant: BADGE. Environment International. 155, 106701.
Xin, L., Lin, Y., Wang, A., Zhu, W., Liang, Y., Su, X., Hong, C., Wan, J. Wang, Y. and Tian, H. 2015. Cytogenetic evaluation for the genotoxicity of bisphenol-A in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology. 40(2): 524-529.
Food Engineering Research
Volume 21, Issue 2 - Serial Number 73
Autumn and Winter
March 2023
Pages 63-74
Files
Share
How to cite
Statistics