Authors
- Iraj Karimi sani 1
- Bahram Hasani 2
- Nadereh Tabrizi 3
- Anis Talebi 4
- Shahin Zomorodi 1
- Farid Amirshaghaghi 1
1 Agricultural Engineering Research Department, West Azerbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Urmia, Iran
2 PhD. Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran
3 faculty member
4 PhD Student, Urmia University
10.22092/fooder.2025.367139.1405
Abstract
In food research, packaging is very important because it protects and preserves food. The use of traditional petroleum polymers as the main packaging has been common, but consumers are also concerned about the environmental and health impacts of these polymers today. Therefore, there is a need for alternatives with biodegradable and renewable properties. Edible films using natural macromolecules have been proposed as alternatives to synthetic polymers. On the other hand, magnetic nanoparticles have been considered due to their superparamagnetic properties, large surface area, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and reusability. Also, photocatalyst compounds can transform solar energy for use in oxidation activities in various industries such as water and air purification, hydrogen production; so that the production of edible films with photocatalytic and fluorescent properties can have advantages such as increasing antioxidant capacity, increasing antimicrobial properties, and improving the shelf life of the food product. Finally, the use of nanotechnology in these edible films enhances physical and chemical properties, improves food shelf life, and increases packaging efficiency; therefore, this research investigates these edible films containing magnetic nanoparticles with fluorescent and photocatalytic properties for food packaging.
Keywords
Main Subjects
Ahmadi Gheshlagh, P., Seiiedlou, S. S., and Nalbandi, H. (2019). Development, assessment and evaluation of a combined infrared and hot-air dryer to determine its performance characteristics during banana slice drying. Iranian Food Science and Technology Research Journal, 15(5), 623-634.
Ameta, S. C., and Ameta, R. (2018). Advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment: emerging green chemical technology. Academic press.
Amiri, S., Rezazad Bari, L., Malekzadeh, S., Amiri, S., Mostashari, P., and Ahmadi Gheshlagh, P. (2022). Effect of Aloe vera gel‐based active coating incorporated with catechin nanoemulsion and calcium chloride on postharvest quality of fresh strawberry fruit. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 46(10), e15960.
Arjeh, E., Khodaei, S. M., Barzegar, M., Pirsa, S., Karimi Sani, I., Rahati, S., and Mohammadi, F. (2022). Phenolic compounds of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.): Separation method, chemical characterization, and biological properties. Food Science and Nutrition, 10(12), 4238-4246.
Azman, N., Khairul, W. M., and Sarbon, N. (2022). A comprehensive review on biocompatible film sensor containing natural extract: Active/intelligent food packaging. Food Control, 141, 109189.
Bahrudin, N. N., and Nawi, M. A. (2019). Effects of montmorillonite on the enhancement ofphysicochemical, optical and photocatalytic properties of TiO2/chitosan bilayer photocatalyst. Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 36, 478-488.
Balbinot-Alfaro, E., Craveiro, D. V., Lima, K. O., Costa, H. L. G., Lopes, D. R., and Prentice, C. (2019). Intelligent packaging with pH indicator potential. Food Engineering Reviews, 11, 235-244.
Bhargava, N., Sharanagat, V. S., Mor, R. S., and Kumar, K. (2020). Active and intelligent biodegradable packaging films using food and food waste-derived bioactive compounds: A review. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 105, 385-401.
Cano, A., Chafer, M., Chiralt, A., & Gonzalez-Martinez, C. (2017). Strategies to improve the functionality of starch-based films (Vol. 1, pp. 311-337). Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Chaichi, M., Hashemi, M., Badii, F., and Mohammadi, A. (2017). Preparation and characterization of a novel bionanocomposite edible film based on pectin and crystalline nanocellulose. Carbohydrate Polymers, 157, 167-175.
Chiralt, A., Menzel, C., Hernandez-García, E., Collazo, S., & Gonzalez-Martinez, C. (2020). Use of by-products in edible coatings and biodegradable packaging materials for food preservation. In Sustainability of the Food System (pp. 101-127). Academic Press.
Dash, K. K., Ali, N. A., Das, D., and Mohanta, D. (2019). Thorough evaluation of sweet potato starch and lemon-waste pectin based-edible films with nano-titania inclusions for food packaging applications. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 139, 449-458.
de Castro Alves, L., Cerqueira, M. A., González-Goméz, M. A., Garcia-Acevedo, P., Prieto, Á. A., Redondo, Y. P., & Rivas, J. (2024). Innovative films by embedding magnetic nanoparticles in cellulose acetate. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 42, 101264.
de Oliveira Filho, J. G., Braga, A. R. C., de Oliveira, B. R., Gomes, F. P., Moreira, V. L., Pereira, V. A. C., and Egea, M. B. (2021). The potential of anthocyanins in smart, active, and bioactive eco-friendly polymer-based films: A review. Food Research International, 142, 110202.
Dong, L., Chen, G., Liu, G., Huang, X., Xu, X., Li, L., & Abd El-Aty, A. M. (2024). A review on recent advances in the applications of composite Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles in the food industry. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 64(4), 1110-1138.
Eghbaljoo-Gharehgheshlaghi, H., Shariatifar, N., Arab, A., Alizadeh-Sani, M., Sani, I. K., Asdagh, A., Rostami, M., Alikord, M., and Arabameri, M. (2022). The concentration and probabilistic health risk assessment of trace metals in three type of sesame seeds using ICP-OES in Iran. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 102 (17), 5936-5950.
Eghbaljoo, H., Alizadeh Sani, M., Sani, I. K., Maragheh, S. M., Sain, D. K., Jawhar, Z. H., Pirsa, S., Kadi, A., Dadkhodayi, R., and Zhang, F. (2023). Development of smart packaging halochromic films embedded with anthocyanin pigments; recent advances. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 1-17.
Eghbaljoo, H., Sani, I. K., Sani, M. A., Rahati, S., Mansouri, E., Molaee-Aghaee, E., Fatourehchi, N., Kadi, A., Arab, A., and Sarabandi, K. (2022). Advances in plant gum polysaccharides; Sources, techno-functional properties, and applications in the food industry-A review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 222, 2327-2340.
Espitia, P. J., Batista, R. A., Azeredo, H. M., and Otoni, C. G. (2016). Probiotics and their potential applications in active edible films and coatings. Food Research International, 90, 42-52.
Ezati, P., and Rhim, J.-W. (2022). Pectin/carbon quantum dots fluorescent film with ultraviolet blocking property through light conversion. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 219, 112804.
Fang, Z., Zhao, Y., Warner, R. D., and Johnson, S. K. (2017). Active and intelligent packaging in meat industry. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 61, 60-71.
Farajinejad, Z., Sani, I. K., Alizadeh, M., & Amiri, S. (2024). A review of recent advances in the photocatalytic activity of protein and polysaccharide-based nanocomposite packaging films: antimicrobial, antioxidant, mechanical, and strength properties. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 32(8), 3437-3447.
Fathi, N., Almasi, H., and Pirouzifard, M. K. (2019). Sesame protein isolate based bionanocomposite films incorporated with TiO2 nanoparticles: Study on morphological, physical and photocatalytic properties. Polymer Testing, 77, 105919.
Foghara, S. K., Jafarian, S., Zomorodi, S., Asl, A. K., and Nasiraei, L. R. (2020). Fabrication and characterization of an active bionanocomposite film based on basil seed mucilage and ZnO nanoparticles. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 14(6), 3542-3550.
Foroumandi, E., Alizadeh, M., and Kheirouri, S. (2018). Age-dependent changes in plasma amino acids contribute to alterations in glycoxidation products. Journal of Medical Biochemistry, 37(4), 426.
Fu, Y.-P., Yang, H., Liu, H.-L., Li, Y.-H., Chen, X.-L., Cui, H.-L., and Wang, J.-J. (2024). Synthesis, structure, fluorescence and photocatalytic properties of two complexes based on a dimethylimidazole biphenyl/isophthalic acid ligand. Journal of Molecular Structure, 137741.
Galus, S., Arik Kibar, E. A., Gniewosz, M., and Kraśniewska, K. (2020). Novel materials in the preparation of edible films and coatings-A review. Coatings, 10 (7), 674.
Garg, H., Purohit, S. R., Sharma, V., and Sahu, J. K. (2022). Antioxidant-Rich Edible Packaging. In Edible Food Packaging: Applications, Innovations and Sustainability (pp. 527-545). Springer.
Garlisi, C., Trepci, E., Li, X., Al Sakkaf, R., Al-Ali, K., Nogueira, R. P., Zheng, L., Azar, E., and Palmisano, G. (2020). Multilayer thin film structures for multifunctional glass: Self-cleaning, antireflective and energy-saving properties. Applied Energy, 264, 114697.
Gonuguntla, S., Kamesh, R., Pal, U., and Chatterjee, D. (2023). Dye sensitization of TiO2 relevant to photocatalytic hydrogen generation: Current research trends and prospects. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews, 100621.
Gupta, V., Biswas, D., & Roy, S. (2022). A comprehensive review of biodegradable polymer-based films and coatings and their food packaging applications. Materials, 15 (17), 5899.
Hamed, I., Jakobsen, A. N., and Lerfall, J. (2022). Sustainable edible packaging systems based on active compounds from food processing byproducts: A review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 21(1), 198-226.
Hassani, D., Sani, I. K., and Pirsa, S. (2023). Nanocomposite film of potato starch and gum Arabic containing boron oxide nanoparticles and anise hyssop (Agastache foeniculum) essential Oil: investigation of physicochemical and antimicrobial properties. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 1-12.
Jafarzadeh, S., Nafchi, A. M., Salehabadi, A., Oladzad-Abbasabadi, N., and Jafari, S. M. (2021). Application of bio-nanocomposite films and edible coatings for extending the shelf life of fresh fruits and vegetables. Advances in Colloid and interface Science, 291, 102405.
Jameson, D. M. (2014). Introduction to fluorescence. Taylor and Francis.
Janowicz, M., Galus, S., Ciurzyńska, A., and Nowacka, M. (2023). The potential of edible films, sheets, and coatings based on fruits and vegetables in the context of sustainable food packaging development. Polymers, 15 (21), 4231.
Janowicz, M., Kadzińska, J., Bryś, J., Ciurzyńska, A., Karwacka, M., and Galus, S. (2023). Physical and chemical properties of vegetable films based on pumpkin purée and biopolymers of plant and animal origin. Molecules, 28(12), 4626.
Jorge, A. M., Gaspar, M. C., Henriques, M. H., and Braga, M. E. (2023). Edible films produced from agrifood by-products and wastes. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 88, 103442.
Jung, A.-V., Frochot, C., and Bersillon, J.-L. (2015). Fluorescence spectroscopy as a specific tool for the interaction study of two surfactants with natural and synthetic organic compounds. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 481, 567-576.
karimi sani, i., and Alizadeh, M. (2022). Packaging of UF cheese with edible film of nanocomposite isolated mung bean protein-apple pectin containing microencapsulation of cardamom extract and serum oxide nanoparticles and quantum carbon Graphite dots: Investigation of its physicochemical properties. Journal of food Science and Technology (Iran), 19(128), 235-247.
Khalid, M. Y., and Arif, Z. U. (2022). Novel biopolymer-based sustainable composites for food packaging applications: A narrative review. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 33, 100892.
Khodaei, S. M., Gholami‐Ahangaran, M., Karimi Sani, I., Esfandiari, Z., and Eghbaljoo, H. (2023). Application of intelligent packaging for meat products: A systematic review. Veterinary Medicine and Science, 9 (1), 481-493.
Koka, V. D. (2011). A Study of the effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the fluorescent intensity of fluorescent compounds in the presence of known quenchers East Tennessee State University].
Kousheh, S. A., Moradi, M., Tajik, H., and Molaei, R. (2020). Preparation of antimicrobial/ultraviolet protective bacterial nanocellulose film with carbon dots synthesized from lactic acid bacteria. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 155, 216-225.
Kumar, K., Kumar, U., Singh, M., and Yadav, B. (2019). Synthesis and characterizations of exohedral functionalized graphene oxide with iron nanoparticles for humidity detection. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 30, 13013-13023.
Kurnianto, M., Poerwanto, B., Wahyono, A., Apriliyanti, M., and Lestari, I. (2020). Monitoring of banana deteriorations using intelligent-packaging containing brazilien extract (Caesalpina sappan L.). IOP conference series: Earth and environmental science,
Lakowicz, J. (2006). In Principles of fluorescence spectroscopy. In: Springer, US: Boston,MA.
Latos-Brozio, M., and Masek, A. (2020). The application of natural food colorants as indicator substances in intelligent biodegradable packaging materials. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 135, 110975.
Li, X., and Que, L. (2014). Fluorescence enhancement enabled by nanomaterials and nanostructured substrates: A brief review. Rev. Nanosci. Nanotechnol, 3(3).
Limpouchová, Z., and Procházka, K. (2016). Theoretical principles of fluorescence spectroscopy. Fluorescence Studies of Polymer Containing Systems, 91-149.
Liu, Y., and Choi, C.-H. (2021). Superhydrophobic sands for the preservation and purification of water. Coatings, 11 (2), 151.
Luo, X., Han, Y., Chen, X., Tang, W., Yue, T., and Li, Z. (2020). Carbon dots derived fluorescent nanosensors as versatile tools for food quality and safety assessment: A review. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 95, 149-161.
Marand, S. A., Almasi, H., and Marand, N. A. (2021). Chitosan-based nanocomposite films incorporated with NiO nanoparticles: Physicochemical, photocatalytic and antimicrobial properties. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 190, 667-678.
Mellinas, A. C., Jiménez, A., and Garrigós, M. C. (2020). Pectin-based films with cocoa bean shell waste extract and ZnO/Zn-NPs with enhanced oxygen barrier, ultraviolet screen and photocatalytic properties. Foods, 9 (11), 1572.
Nalbandi, H., Seiiedlou Heris, S. S., and Ahmadi Gheshlagh, P. (2021). Determination of optimum performance characteristics of combined infrared-convectional dryer in drying of banana slices. Agricultural Mechanization, 6 (1), 11-21.
Omerović, N., Djisalov, M., Živojević, K., Mladenović, M., Vunduk, J., Milenković, I., Knežević, N. Ž., Gadjanski, I., and Vidić, J. (2021). Antimicrobial nanoparticles and biodegradable polymer composites for active food packaging applications. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 20(3), 2428-2454.
Otálora González, C. M., Schelegueda, L. I., Pizones Ruiz-Henestrosa, V. M., Campos, C. A., Basanta, M. F., and Gerschenson, L. N. (2022). Cassava starch films with anthocyanins and betalains from agroindustrial by-products: their use for intelligent label development. Foods, 11(21), 3361.
Pilevar, Z., Bahrami, A., Beikzadeh, S., Hosseini, H., and Jafari, S. M. (2019). Migration of styrene monomer from polystyrene packaging materials into foods: Characterization and safety evaluation. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 91, 248-261.
Pirsa, S., Karimi Sani, I., Pirouzifard, M. K., and Erfani, A. (2020). Smart film based on chitosan/Melissa officinalis essences/pomegranate peel extract to detect cream cheeses spoilage. Food Additives and Contaminants: Part A, 37(4), 634-648.
Pirsa, S., Khodaei, S. M., Karimi Sani, I., Ghasemi, Y., Jawhar, Z. H., and Eghbaljoo, H. (2023). Hydrogels and biohydrogels: investigation of origin of production, production methods, and application. Polymer Bulletin, 80(10), 10593-10632.
Pirsa, S., Sani, I. K., and Mirtalebi, S. S. (2022). Nano-biocomposite based color sensors: Investigation of structure, function, and applications in intelligent food packaging. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 31, 100789.
Rezaei, M., Pirsa, S., and Chavoshizadeh, S. (2020). Photocatalytic/antimicrobial active film based on wheat gluten/ZnO nanoparticles. Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, 30(7), 2654-2665.
Ribeiro, A. M., Estevinho, B. N., and Rocha, F. (2021). Preparation and incorporation of functional ingredients in edible films and coatings. Food and bioprocess Technology, 14, 209-231.
Sabet, M., and Mahdavi, K. (2019). Green synthesis of high photoluminescence nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots from grass via a simple hydrothermal method for removing organic and inorganic water pollutions. Applied surface Science, 463, 283-291.
Salgado, P. R., Ortiz, C. M., Musso, Y. S., Di Giorgio, L., and Mauri, A. N. (2015). Edible films and coatings containing bioactives. Current Opinion in Food Science, 5, 86-92.
Sani, I. K., and Alizadeh, M. (2022). Isolated mung bean protein-pectin nanocomposite film containing true cardamom extract microencapsulation/CeO2 nanoparticles/graphite carbon quantum dots: Investigating fluorescence, photocatalytic and antimicrobial properties. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 33, 100912.
Sani, I. K., Aminoleslami, L., Mirtalebi, S. S., Sani, M. A., Mansouri, E., Eghbaljoo, H., Jalil, A. T., Thanoon, R. D., Khodaei, S. M., and Mohammadi, F. (2023). Cold plasma technology: Applications in improving edible films and food packaging. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 37, 101087.
Sani, I. K., Marand, S. A., Alizadeh, M., Amiri, S., and Asdagh, A. (2021). Thermal, mechanical, microstructural and inhibitory characteristics of sodium caseinate based bioactive films reinforced by ZnONPs/encapsulated Melissa officinalis essential oil. Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, 31, 261-271.
Sani, I. K., Masoudpour-Behabadi, M., Sani, M. A., Motalebinejad, H., Juma, A. S., Asdagh, A., Eghbaljoo, H., Khodaei, S. M., Rhim, J.-W., and Mohammadi, F. (2023). Value-added utilization of fruit and vegetable processing by-products for the manufacture of biodegradable food packaging films. Food Chemistry, 405, 134964.
Sani, I. K., Pirsa, S., and Tağı, Ş. (2019). Preparation of chitosan/zinc oxide/Melissa officinalis essential oil nano-composite film and evaluation of physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties by response surface method. Polymer Testing, 79, 106004.
Sendão, R. M., Esteves da Silva, J. C., and Pinto da Silva, L. (2023). Applications of fluorescent carbon dots as photocatalysts: A Review. Catalysts, 13(1), 179.
Soleimani-Rambod, A., Zomorodi, S., Naghizadeh Raeisi, S., Khosrowshahi Asl, A., and Shahidi, S.-A. (2018). The effect of xanthan gum and flaxseed mucilage as edible coatings in cheddar cheese during ripening. Coatings, 8(2), 80.
Sun, X., Zhang, H., Wang, J., Dong, M., Jia, P., Bu, T., Wang, Q., and Wang, L. (2021). Sodium alginate-based nanocomposite films with strong antioxidant and antibacterial properties enhanced by polyphenol-rich kiwi peel extracts bio-reduced silver nanoparticles. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 29, 100741.
Tavassoli-Kafrani, E., Shekarchizadeh, H., and Masoudpour-Behabadi, M. (2016). Development of edible films and coatings from alginates and carrageenans. Carbohydrate Polymers, 137, 360-374.
Tian, S., Feng, Y., Zheng, Z., and He, Z. (2023). TiO2-Based photocatalytic coatings on glass substrates for environmental applications. Coatings, 13(8), 1472.
Wang, L., Liu, X., Qi, P., Sun, J., Jiang, S., Li, H., Gu, X., and Zhang, S. (2022). Enhancing the thermostability, UV shielding and antimicrobial activity of transparent chitosan film by carbon quantum dots containing N/P. Carbohydrate Polymers, 278, 118957.
u, C., Anusuyadevi, P. R., Aymonier, C., Luque, R., and Marre, S. (2019). Nanostructured materials for photocatalysis. Chemical Society Reviews, 48(14), 3868-3902.
Yao, X., Hu, H., Qin, Y., and Liu, J. (2020). Development of antioxidant, antimicrobial and ammonia-sensitive films based on quaternary ammonium chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol and betalains-rich cactus pears (Opuntia ficus-indica) extract. Food Hydrocolloids, 106, 105896.
Yong, H., and Liu, J. (2020). Recent advances in the preparation, physical and functional properties, and applications of anthocyanins-based active and intelligent packaging films. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 26, 100550.
Yu, D., Basumatary, I. B., Liu, Y., Zhang, X., Kumar, S., Ye, F., and Dutta, J. (2024). Chitosan-photocatalyst nanocomposite on polyethylene films as antimicrobial coating for food packaging. Progress in Organic Coatings, 186, 108069.
Yu, X., Zhong, T., Zhang, Y., Zhao, X., Xiao, Y., Wang, L., Liu, X., and Zhang, X. (2021). Design, preparation, and application of magnetic nanoparticles for food safety analysis: a review of recent advances. Journal of Agricultural and food Chemistry, 70(1), 46-62.
Zhai, X., Shi, J., Zou, X., Wang, S., Jiang, C., Zhang, J., Huang, X., Zhang, W., and Holmes, M. (2017). Novel colorimetric films based on starch/polyvinyl alcohol incorporated with roselle anthocyanins for fish freshness monitoring. Food Hydrocolloids, 69, 308-317.
Zhang, K., Huang, T.-S., Yan, H., Hu, X., and Ren, T. (2020). Novel pH-sensitive films based on starch/polyvinyl alcohol and food anthocyanins as a visual indicator of shrimp deterioration. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 145, 768-776.
Zhang, N., Guo, Y., Guo, Y., Dai, Q., Wang, L., Dai, S., and Zhan, W. (2023). Synchronously constructing the optimal redox-acidity of sulfate and RuOx Co-modified CeO2 for catalytic combustion of chlorinated VOCs. Chemical Engineering Journal, 454, 140391.
Zhang, P., and Lou, X. W. (2019). Design of heterostructured hollow photocatalysts for solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion. Advanced Materials, 31(29), 1900281.
Zhang, Z., Zhang, H., Tian, D., Phan, A., Seididamyeh, M., Alanazi, M., Xu, Z. P., Sultanbawa, Y., and Zhang, R. (2024). Luminescent sensors for residual antibiotics detection in food: Recent advances and perspectives. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 498, 215455.
Zhao, Q., Song, W., Zhao, B., and Yang, B. (2020). Spectroscopic studies of the optical properties of carbon dots: recent advances and future prospects. Materials Chemistry Frontiers, 4(2), 472-488.
Ziental, D., Czarczynska-Goslinska, B., Mlynarczyk, D. T., Glowacka-Sobotta, A., Stanisz, B., Goslinski, T., and Sobotta, L. (2020). Titanium dioxide nanoparticles: prospects and applications in medicine. Nanomaterials, 10(2), 387.
Zomorodi, S., and Aberun, N. (2015). Increase the survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus and improved quality properties of senbiotic yogurt using apple and wheat fibers. Journal of food Science and Technology (Iran), 12(48), 203-214.
)