Authors
1 Department of Food Science and Industry, Ares International Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Nursing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Electrospun nanostructures provide a nanoscale matrix for encapsulating natural compounds. This process applies an electric field to a polymer-solvent solution, producing fibers with high specific surface area and controllable morphology. Electrospinning conditions prevent degradation of sensitive compounds. Stability of natural compounds in fibers depends on solution properties, process parameters, and polymer matrix interactions. A primary application preserves antimicrobial and antioxidant properties in food products, where compounds release gradually from the fiber matrix to extend shelf life. The same controlled release principle applies to drug delivery systems, maintaining active agent efficacy over time. Composite structures including core-shell, multilayer, aligned, and woven designs enable diverse release profiles. In biological environments, nanofiber resemblance to the extracellular matrix facilitates cell interactions, while incorporated natural compounds guide cell growth or differentiation. This supports tissue regeneration and topical skin formulations, enhancing active compound penetration and stability simultaneously. Accordingly, this review provides an analytical and comparative examination of recent advances in electrospun nanostructure-based encapsulation of natural compounds, focusing on four key application areas: food industry and active packaging, drug delivery and pharmaceutical applications, tissue engineering and biomedical uses, and cosmetics and personal care products.
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