نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

2 استادیار گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

لجن فاضلاب به دلیل دارابودن مقادیر قابل توجهی مواد آلی و آلی آْیعناصر غذایی مورد نیاز گیاه می­تواند به عنوان یکی از بهترین و
ارزان­ترین کودهای آلی برای زمین‌های کشاورزی مطرح باشد.  اما وجود عواملی سمّی از قبیل فلزات سنگین در لجن، مهم­ترین فاکتور محدودکننده استفاده از آنها به شمار می­آید.  در تحقیق حاضر به منظور بررسی تأثیر توأمان کاربرد لجن فاضلاب و عملیات آبشویی بر خصوصیات شیمیایی خاک و رشد و عملکرد گیاه جو (Hordeum vulgare) و جذب دو عنصر سرب و کادمیم در این گیاه، آزمایشی گلخانه­ای به صورت فاکتوریل بر پایة طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 3 تکرار اجرا شد.  تیمارها شامل 5 سطح کاربرد لجن فاضلاب (0، 50، 100، 200، و 400 تن در هکتار) و دو سطح آبشویی (0 و 10 درصد) بودند.  در پایان فصل رشد، خصوصیات مختلف خاک از جمله pH، EC، کربن آلی، نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم، منیزیم، کلسیم، سدیم، SAR، و میزان فراهمی عناصر سرب و کادمیم و همچنین خصوصیات گیاه شامل کیفیت ظاهری، وزن صد دانه، عملکرد مادة خشک اندام هوایی و غلظت عناصر سرب و کادمیم در ساقه و برگ بررسی شد.  نتایج آزمایش نشان داد که لجن فاضلاب اثر معنی­داری بر تمامی خصوصیات اندازگیری­شده خاک دارد.  به طوری که افزایش میزان کاربرد لجن، باعث کاهش pH و افزایش سایر پارامترها می­شود.  افزایش میزان کاربرد لجن فاضلاب همچنین باعث افزایش معنی­دار غلظت عناصر سرب و کادمیم در گیاه شد و بر کیفیت ظاهری گیاه نیز تأثیر گذاشت اما بر وزن صد دانه و عملکرد مادة خشک اندام هوایی تأثیر معنی­داری نداشت.  اثر فاکتور آبشویی بر هیچ یک از خواص فوق­­الذکر خاک جز غلظت منیزیم و کلسیم در محلول خاک معنی­دار نبود.  فاکتور آبشویی عملکرد مادة خشک اندام هوایی را به طور معنی­داری افزایش داد ولی بر وزن صد دانه و همچنین غلظت عناصر سرب و کادمیم تأثیر معنی­داری بر جای نگذاشت.  اثر متقابل فاکتورها در  هیچ یک از موارد
اندازه­گیری­شده معنی­دار نبود. 

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Sewage Sludge Application and Leaching on Soil Chemical Properties, Yield and Quality of Barley

چکیده [English]

Sewage sludge can be utilized as one of the best and cheapest organic fertilizer in agriculture due to its organic and plant nutrient contents. However, the presence of potentially toxic heavy metals in some sludges can restrict its use in agricultural lands. A greenhouse study was conducted in the college of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, to investigate the effects of leaching and sewage sludge application on soil properties, yield and quality of barley. The experiment was carried out using a factorial arrangement with a completely randomized design with three replicates. Sewage sludge was applied at five levels of 0, 50, 100, 200 or 400 t ha-1 while leaching was performed at two levels of 0 and 10%. At the end of growing season, the soil and plant characteristics were assessed. Results showed that increase in sewage sludge application caused a significant (r0.05) increase in all the above mentioned soil characteristics except for the pH which showed a significant (r0.05) decrease. In the case of plant, sign of chlorosis was observed on barley leaves in treatments of 200 and 400 t ha-1 sewage sludge. Moreover, a significant (r0.05) increase in the concentration of Pb and Cd in leaves and stem of barley was indicated due to the increase in sludge application rate. However, the effect of sludge application on the 100 seed weight and plant aerials dry weight was not significant (r<0.05). The effect of leaching factor on soil characteristics was not significant (r<0.05) except on concentrations of Mg and Ca in soil solution. Leaching factor increased plant aerial dry weight significantly (r0.05), but had no effect on the 100 seed weight and concentrations of Pb and Cd. The interaction effects of sludge application rates and leaching levels were not significant.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Barley
  • heavy metals
  • Leaching
  • Sewage sludge
  • soil characteristics
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