نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

2 استاد گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

3 دانشیار گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، پژوهشکده علوم و صنایع غذایی خراسان رضوی

4 دانشیار گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

5 استادیار مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور

چکیده

نشاسته منبع اصلی انرژی در رژیم انسان است.  اصلاحات فیزیکی، شیمیایی و آنزیمی می­تواند باعث تغییراتی گردد که در نشاسته­های طبیعی تجاری موجود، قابل دسترس یا قابل کنترل نیست لذا در این تحقیق از فراصوت برای بررسی اثر
روش­های فیزیکی بر خصوصیات کریستالی و خمیری نشاستۀ برنج استفاده شد.  در این تحقیق، به دیسپرسیون نشاستۀ برنج (8 درصد) فراصوت داده شد و برای مطالعه تغییرات ریخت­شناسی برنج میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی (SEM) و میکروسکوپ نوری مورد استفاده قرار گرفت.  برای بررسی بخش­های کریستالی نشاسته­ها، نمونه­های خشک شده با استفاده از پراش اشعۀ ایکس (XRD) آنالیز شدند.  برای ارزیابی تأثیرات سه متغیر دمای فرآیند (65-45 درجۀ سلسیوس)، مدت زمان (300-10 ثانیه) و دامنۀ فراصوت (100-0 درصد) بر خصوصیات کریستالی و میکروسکوپی نشاستۀ برنج، از روش سطح پاسخ (RSM) استفاده شد.  یافته­ها نشان داد که فراصوت تغییری در الگوی پراش اشعۀ ایکس (نوع A) ایجاد نمی‌کند و با افزایش دما و زمان، درجۀ کریستالی روند کاهشی به خود می‌گیرد.  در دماها و دامنه­های فراصوت بالا تمایل برای کاهش درجۀ کریستالی نشاستۀ برنج مشاهده شد.  افزایش هم­زمان دما، زمان و دامنۀ فراصوت، و ایجاد سوراخ و شکاف در سطح گرانول­ها احتمالاً به واکنش­گرها اجازه نفوذ راحت­تر می‌دهند و باعث افزایش سرعت واکنش­های شیمیایی می­شوند.
 

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Ultrasound and Temperature on Crystallinity and Microscopic Properties of Rice Starch Granules Suspended in Water Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

چکیده [English]

 
* Corresponding Author: Assistant Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mazandaran, P. O. Box: 578, Iran. Email: reza1farahmand@yahoo.com
Received: 8 September 2012,   Accepted: 4 May 2013
 
Starch is a major source of energy in the human diet. Physical, chemical, and enzymatic modifications provide changes that are not available or controllable in commercially available native starches. The effect of one physical treatment, ultrasound, was investigated on the crystallinity and microscopic properties of rice starch. In this research, rice starch despersions (8%) were sonicated and scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy were used to study the morphological changes to the rice starch granules. The dried samples were analyzed using x-ray diffraction to evaluate the crystalline fraction of the starches. Response surface methodology was used to evaluate the effects of temperature (45-65 °C), time (10-300 s), and amplitude (0%-100%) on the crystallinity and microscopic properties of rice starch granules. The results showed that ultrasound did not change the x-ray diffraction pattern (A type) and that crystallinity decreased as the temperature and time increased. Higher temperatures and amplitudes decreased the degree of crystallinity in rice starch. When temperature, time, and amplitude increased simultaneously, some granules started to lose their polyhedral shapes, and pores and fissures were detected on the surface of the granules.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Degree of crystallinity
  • Micrographs
  • rice
  • starch
  • Ultrasound
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