نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار بخش آبیاری و فیزیک خاک مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب

2 استاد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران

چکیده

هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی تأثیر کم­آبیاری بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد گیاه سیب­زمینی است.  این پژوهش با استفاده از طرح  بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی چهار تخته مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی چهار محال و بختیاری اجرا شد.  در این پژوهش، تیمارهای کم­آبیاری در پنجسطح شامل E0 (آبیاری­کامل)،  E1(85درصد)،  E2(70درصد)،E3  (55درصد) وE4   (30 درصد) تبخیر - تعرق واقعی گیاه سیب­زمینی حاصل از لایسیمتر زهکش­دار به­طور جداگانه در سه دورة رشد سیب­زمینی شامل T1: دورة استقرار بذر و رشد رویشی، T2: دورة رشد کامل، و T3: دورة رشد رسیدن آزمایش شدند.  صفات مورد بررسی در پژوهش عبارت­اند از: تعداد غده در هر بوته، درصد ریز و درشتی غده­ها، عملکرد اندام هوایی، عملکرد غده سیب­زمینی، میزان آب مصرفی، و کارایی مصرف آب.  نتایج این تحقیق بیانگر آن بود که حداکثر و حداقل عملکرد سیب­زمینی به­ترتیب در سطوح  بدون تنش و آبیاری با 30 درصد تبخیر- تعرق حاصل شده است.  در دورة اول رشد گیاه با کاهش آب مصرفی، عملکرد محصول و کارایی مصرف آب کاهش نشان می­دهد.  لیکن در دوره­های دوم و سوم رشد گیاه، با کاهش آب مصرفی کارایی مصرف آب افزایش می­یابد.  بیشترین کارایی مصرف آب در دوره رشد اول در تیمار بدون تنش آبیو در دورة دوم رشددر تیمار آبیاری با 55 درصد تبخیر- تعرق، و در دورة سوم رشد در تیمار آبیاری با30 درصد تبخیر-تعرق به­دست آمده است.  کاهش آب مصرفی به­ترتیب عبارت­اند از دوره­های اول 2/12، سوم 2/13و دوم 8/17 درصد که در آنها کاهش محصول به­ترتیب  برابر با 5/17، 1/11و 8/10 درصد بوده است.  به­طور کلی در دورة رشد دوم، تیمار 55 درصد تبخیر- تعرق و در دوره­های رشد اول و سوم تیمار 30 درصدتبخیر- تعرق  توصیه می­شود. 

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Deficit Irrigation in Growth Stages on the Quantity and Quality of Potatoes and Water Use Efficiency

چکیده [English]

This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of deficit irrigation and growth stages on yield and yield components of potatoes and water use efficiency. A field experiment was conducted at Shahrekord Agricultural Research Station over three years of crop seasons using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Plots were assigned to five levels of deficit irrigation treatments, E0 (full irrigation), E1 (85%), E2 (70%), E3 (55%) and E4 (30%) for actual evapotranspiration of potatoes, and three growth stages, T1, T2 and T3. Results of the combined analysis of variance showed that biological yield, tuber yield, yield components, water use efficiency and other traits in the growth stages were significantly affected by deficit irrigation treatments. Under E1, E2, E3 and E4 treatments, yield decreased by 5.1%, 8.9%, 13.12% and 25.5%, respectively, when compared to E0. Susceptibility at developmental stages of the potato to deficit irrigation differed. The T1 stage was the most critical stage under water stress conditions. Water use decreased compared to E0 by 17.5% in stage T1, 11.1% in stage T3 and 10.08% in stage T2.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Deficit Irrigation
  • Potato
  • Water stress
  • Water use efficiency
  • yield
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