نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

2 دانشیار دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

چکیده

پلیمرهای ابرجاذب قابلیت جذب مقادیر زیادی آب و مواد غذایی دارند و افزون بر تأمین بهینة آب مصرفی گیاهان هدرروی آب از طریق تبخیر و آبشویی نیزدر آنها بسیار کم است.  بنابراین، بررسی رفتاراین مواد در خاک، به­ویژه در چرخه­های متناوب خشک و ترشدن ضروریاست.  هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی رفتار تورم تناوبی دو نمونه پلیمر از خانواده پلی­آکریل آمید با نام اختصاری "طراوت 100A-" و "طراوت 200A-" و تعیین توانایی آنها در جذب آب، در چرخه­های مکرر خشک و ترشدن در محیط متخلخل خاک است.  بدین منظور، رفتار تورمی ایندو پلیمر در دو نوع خاک لوم و شنی بررسی شد.  تیمارها شامل 0،25/0، 5/0، 75/0، و 1 گرم پلیمر در کیلوگرم خاک با سه تکرار بود.  مقدار آب خاک برای هر تیمار در فشارهای 0، 100،300، 500،1000، 3000، 5000، 15000 کیلوپاسکال اندازه­گیری شد و منحنی­های رطوبتی برای هر نمونه آزمایشی به­دست آمد.  نمونه­ها در آون خشک و دوباره مرطوب شدند.  این روند 5 بار تکرار و منحنی­های رطوبتی مربوطه برای تمام دوره­ها ثبت شد.  نتایج نشان داد در هر مکش، با افزایش مقدار پلیمر در خاک، رطوبت حجمی خاک افزایش می‏یابد.  بیشترین دامنة تاثیر پلیمر بر قابلیت نگهداشت آب خاک در مکش­های پایین‏تر (5000-0 کیلوپاسکال) مشاهده شد.  همچنین، در تمام دوره­های تر- خشکی و در هر مکش مقدار نگهداشت آب خاک در پلیمر طراوت 200A- بیشتر از طراوت 100A- بود.  در هر دو نوع پلیمر و در همه تیمارهای به کار برده شده، افزایش ناگهانی رطوبت حجمی خاک- پلیمر از دوره اول به دوم، مشاهده شد.  از سیکل دوم تا چهارم، رطوبت حجمی خاک- پلیمر در هر دو نوع پلیمرتغییرات همسویی نشان داد.  در تناوب پنجم، پلیمر 100T-A افتی جزیی نسبت به دوره قبل نشان داد.  بررسی پارامتریک منحنی­های رطوبتی هر دو پلیمر نیز نشان داد که با افزایش مقدار پلیمر کاربردی، پارامترهای qs،n، وqr در تمام تیمارها افزایش می‏یابد، اما تغییرات پارامترqr چندان قابل توجه نبود.  مقدار پارامتر αبرای هر دو پلیمر در خاک شنی کاهش و در خاک لومی افزایش یافت. 

عنوان مقاله [English]

Cyclic Swelling of Superabsorbent Polymers in Soil Porous Media

چکیده [English]

Both arid and semi-arid regions, which make up the greatest portion of the earth, suffer from a lack of precipitation and unsuitable water distribution. The agricultural sector consumes most of the fresh water resources in comparison with other sectors. Thus, it is important to increase water use efficiency (WUE) and practical ways to maintain soil water. Superabsorbent polymers are water containers that absorb and retain large quantities of water when applied to the soil. These materials release the absorbed water, allowing the plants to consume adequate amounts of water at all growth stages. This study investigated the cyclic swelling behavior of superabsorbent polymers. Two polymers, TA-100 and TA-200, were applied to loamy and sandy soils. The treatment levels consisted of 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 gr of both polymers per kg of dry-weighed soil in 3 replicates. The water content for each treatment was measured at 0, 100, 300, 500, 1000, 3000, 5000 and 15000 kPa and soil water retention curves (WRC) were obtained for each soil sample. The samples were then oven-dried and re-wetted five times and the WRCs were again obtained. The results indicated that, by applying more polymers to the soil, the water content at any soil water pressure head increased. However, this influence declined for the next four drying-wetting cycles. The most dominant influence of the superabsorbent polymers on water retention for each drying-wetting cycle appeared in the lower soil water pressure heads (0-5000 kPa). A comparison of the TA-100 and TA-200 polymers indicated that the TA-200 has a larger water retention capacity and also appeared to absorb more water than did the TA-100 during the subsequent four cycles. Parametric analysis of the retention curves indicated that qs و   n and qr parameters in all treatments increased when more polymer was applied. However, the variation of magnitude of qr was small. It was also observed that when any type of superabsorbent was applied, the α parameter decreased in sandy soil and increased in loamy soil.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cyclic Swelling
  • polymer
  • Retention Curve
  • superabsorbent
  • water holding capacity
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