نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری تکنولوژی مواد غذایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه اورمیه

2 کارشناس ارشد علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان (دانش‌آموخته مقطع کارشناسی علوم و صنایع غذایی مؤسسه آموزش عالی صبا)

3 گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه

4 کارشناس ارشد آزمایشگاه، مؤسسه آموزش عالی صبا

چکیده

مطالعه ویژگی‌های فیزیکوشیمیایی و مکانیکی دانه آفتابگردان به منظور طراحی تجهیزات کنترل، حمل‌ونقل، پردازش و ذخیره کردن آن ضروری است. در این مطالعه، ویژگی‌های فیزیکوشیمیایی و مکانیکی چهار توده دانه آفتابگردان آجیلی ارزیابی شده است. برخی از این ویژگی‌های فیزیکوشیمیایی و مکانیکی ارزیابی شده عبارت‌اند از: مقدار خاکستر کل، چربی، املاح معدنی، میانگین ابعاد دانه (طول، عرض، ضخامت، قطر)، ضریب کرویت، سطح مقطع دانه‌ها، حجم دانه، وزن هزار دانه، زاویه نشست، تخلخل، چگالی حقیقی و ظاهری، درصد مغز و پوسته، ضریب اصطکاک سطح و آزمون فشاری محوری. نتایج بررسی‌ها نشان داد که بیشترین میزان چربی (48 درصد) و پتاسیم (76.639 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم) مربوط به نمونه 3 (قلمی ابرق) و بیشترین مقدار خاکستر (3.83 درصد) و سدیم (25.318 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم) مربوط به نمونه 4 (پسته‌ای ابرق) است. خواص فیزیکی دانه‌های آفتابگردان در پنج سطح رطوبتی 4 تا 32 درصد (بر مبنای وزن خشک) نیز ارزیابی شد و این نتیجه به دست آمد که با افزایش مقدار رطوبت، ویژگی‌هایی مانند میانگین ابعاد (طول، عرض، ضخامت)، ضریب کرویت، میانگین هندسی و حسابی قطر، سطح مقطع، حجم، وزن هزار دانه، زاویه نشست، تخلخل و چگالی حقیقی افزایش پیدا می‌کند، اما چگالی ظاهری کاهش می‌یابد. ضریب ثابت اصطکاک دانه‌های آفتابگردان در چهار سطح شیشه، نئوپان، گالوانیزه و آلومینیم با افزایش مقدار رطوبت افزایش نشان می‌دهد. بیشترین افزایش ضریب اصطکاک استاتیکی با افزایش رطوبت از 4 به 32 درصد در نمونه شماره 3 و سطح آلومینیوم و کمترین افزایش در نمونه شماره 1 و سطح شیشه دیده شده است. بر اساس نتایج آزمون فشاری محوری، نیروی بارگذاری عمودی بیشتر از نیروی بارگذاری افقی است و در تمامی نمونه‌ها در اثر افزایش مقدار رطوبت، نیروی بارگذاری عمودی و افقی کل کاهش‌یافته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effects of Moisture Content on Physico-Chemical Properties of Confectionary Sunflower Seeds

چکیده [English]

The study of physicochemical and mechanical characteristics of sunflower seeds are important when the designing of control equipment’s, transportation, processing, and product storage are concerned. In this study, physicochemical and mechanical characteristics of four varieties of confectionary sunflower seeds were evaluated. Some of the assessed physicochemical and mechanical properties include: the content of total ash, fat, and minerals and also the mean length, width, thickness, diameter, sphericity, surface area, volume, 1000-grain weight, angle of repose, porosity, particle density and bulk density, hull and kernel percentage, coefficient of friction surface and axial compression test. The results showed that the highest amount of fat content (48%) and potassium content (76.639 mg per kg) were found in  sample number 3; and highest amount of  ash content (3.83%) and sodium content (25.318 mg per kg) were found in sample number 4. Physical properties of sunflower seeds were studied in five moisture content levels of 4% to 32% (based on dry basis weight). The results reaealed increasing trend in length, width, thickness, sphericity, geometric and arithmetic mean diameter, surface area, volume, 1000-grain weight, angle of repose, porosity and density upon increasing moisture content; while, bulk density decreased. The coefficient of static friction of all seeds at glass, chipboard, galvanized, and aluminum surfaces increased with the increase in moisture content. When the moisture content increased from 4 to 32 percent, the highest increase in the coefficient of static friction was observed in sample number 3 with aluminum surface and the lowest increase in the coefficient of static friction was observed in sample number 1 with glass surface. Based on results obtained from the axial compression test, the vertical loading force was found to be more than that the horizontal loading force and in all samples, the total vertical and horizontal loading forces were decreased by increasing the moisture content.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biophysical properties
  • Edible nuts and seeds
  • Mechanical properties
  • Qualitative properties
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