نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهرکرد

2 گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

3 گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشکاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهرکرد

4 پژوهشکده پسته، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی،سازمان تحقیقات،آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رفسنجان، ایران

چکیده

در این مقاله به تأثیر دمای بالا و مدت زمان برشته‌کردن بر تغییرات رنگ و اکسیداسیون روغن پسته پرداخته شده است. با توجه به اینکه برشته‌کردن یکی از مهمترین مراحل فراوری پسته محسوب می‌شود، بهینه‌سازی و اصلاح این فرآیند و بهبود کیفیت محصول از این طریق، بسیار بااهمیت است. در این تحقیق، فرآیند برشته‌کردن پسته با هوای داغ در 120، 140 و 160 درجه سلسیوس و مدت زمان 20، 30 و 50 دقیقه بر تغییرات رنگ پسته و اکسیداسیون چربی پسته برشته‌شده مطالعه شده است. آزمون‌های کیفی تغییرات شاخص‌های رنگی شامل اندازه‌گیری شاخص *L*، a*، b، تغییرات کلی رنگ، زاویه هیو، اندیس قهوه‌ای شدن و اندیس پراکسید است. نتایج تجزیه واریانس ANOVA نشان می‌دهد که در همه پاسخ‌های به‌دست‌آمده، تفاوت آماری معنی‌دار بین تیمارها وجود دارد. با افزایش دما و مدت زمان برشته‌کردن، تمامی شاخص‌های رنگی تغییر می‌یابند و تغییرات معنی‌دار در رنگ محصول نهایی ایجاد می‌شود که از دیدگاه مصرف‌کننده مطلوب نیست. با افزایش دما، سرعت تغییرات رنگی از جمله قهوه‌ای شدن افزایش پیدا می‌کند که نشان‌دهنده ایجاد واکنش‌های قهوه‌ای شدن در نمونه‌ها طی برشته‌شدن است. افزایش مدت زمان و دما باعث افزایش شاخص پراکسید پسته می‌شود که نشان‌دهنده اکسیداسیون چربی در دماهای بالاتر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Different Temperatures of Roasting in the Color and Oxidation of Pistachio Oil and Their Kinetics

چکیده [English]

In this article, the influence of temperature and roasting time on the oxidation and Color of pistachio oil was investigated. Roasting is one of the most important steps in pistachio processing, so optimization and modification of this process and also improvement of product quality are of high priority. In this study the process of pistachio roasting by hot air was investigated. The effects of different temperatures (120, 140, and 160°C) and times (20, 30, and 50 minutes) on the color and oxidation variation of roasted pistachio were evaluated. Qualitative tests relating to changes of color indexes include measurement of L, a, b, the general changes in color, the angle of the hue, the browning index and the peroxide index. The outcome of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that for all responses, there was a significant statistical difference between experiments. With increasing temperature and roasting time, all color indices changed; significant changes in the color of the final product is not desirable from the consumer's point of view. As temperature increased, the process of changing the color, including browning, became faster which indicated browning during roasting. Increasing time and temperature also increased the pistachio peroxide index which indicated fat oxidation in higher temperatures.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Color index
  • Oxidation
  • Peroxide
  • Pistachio
  • Roasting

The Effect of Different Temperatures of Roasting in the Color and Oxidation of Pistachio Oil and Their Kinetics

E. dehdashti, M. Hojjatoleslamy*, A. Shaker Ardakan, N. Jahanbakhshian

 

* Corresponding Author: Associate Professor, Department of food science and technology, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.  Email: mohojjat@gmail.com.

Received: 5 May 2018, Accepted: 7 February 2020

 

 

Abstract

In this article, the influence of temperature and roasting time on the oxidation and Color of pistachio oil was investigated. Roasting is one of the most important steps in pistachio processing, so optimization and modification of this process and also improvement of product quality are of high priority. In this study the process of pistachio roasting by hot air was investigated. The effects of different temperatures (120, 140, and 160°C) and times (20, 30, and 50 minutes) on the color and oxidation variation of roasted pistachio were evaluated. Qualitative tests relating to changes of color indexes include measurement of L, a, b, the general changes in color, the angle of the hue, the browning index and the peroxide index. The outcome of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that for all responses, there was a significant statistical difference between experiments. With increasing temperature and roasting time, all color indices changed; significant changes in the color of the final product is not desirable from the consumer's point of view. As temperature increased, the process of changing the color, including browning, became faster which indicated browning during roasting. Increasing time and temperature also increased the pistachio peroxide index which indicated fat oxidation in higher temperatures.

 

Keyword: Color index; Oxidation; Peroxide; Pistachio; Roasting

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