نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی گلستان

2 مدیر اجرایی مرکز تحقیقات فراورده های غذایی دارویی و طبیعی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گلستان، گرگان

3 مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان

چکیده

تولید جو مقام چهارم را در جهان دارد. مصرف جو با توجه به‌خواص مفید و مغذی آن، در اکثر کشورهای دنیا رو به افزایش است. در راستای جایگزینی روش‌های نوین و کم‌خطر برای افزایش عمرانباری غلات (به‌جای استفاده از سموم شیمیایی)، در این تحقیق تأثیر گاز ازن با دو متغیر غلظت ازن (25، 50 و 75 پی‌پی‌ام) در مدت زمان ازن‌دهی (3،1، 5 و 7 روز) در دانه جو (رقم ریحانه) در مقایسه با نمونه شاهد با تعیین ویژگی‌های انبارمانی جو به لحاظ کنترل رشد و گسترش قارچ‌ها، حشرات، قدرت جوانه‌زنی دانه و تغییرات خصوصیات کیفی دانه‌ها بررسی شد. نتایج بررسی‌ها نشان داد، افزایش غلظت ازن و زمان ازن‌دهی سبب افزایش کنترل رشد قارچ‌ها، گسترش سم قارچی آفلاتوکسین و آفات انباری می‌شود. آزمون مقایسه میانگین‌ها نشان داد، این افزایش در غلظت‌های بیشتر از 50 پی‌پی‌ام و زمان 3 روز ازن‌دهی معنی‌دار نیست (0.05>P). همچنین، استفاده از غلظت 75 پی‌پی‌ام گاز ازن در زمان‌های 1، 3، 5 و 7 روز سبب افزایش شاخص ‌اسیدیته چربی و افزایش شاخص کربوکسیل نشاسته دانه جو، نسبت به نمونه شاهد، شده است. شرایط مختلف ازن‌دهی تا غلظت 50 پی‌پی‌ام در زمان‌های مختلف ازن دهی تأثیر معنی‌داری بر میزان پروتئین دانه جو ندارد (0.05>P).  نتایج ارزیابی قدرت جوانه‌زنی دانه‌ها نشان داد کاهش قوه نامیه در غلظت 50 تا روز پنجم ازن‌دهی، نسبت به نمونه شاهد، کاهش محسوسی نداشت و ازن‌دهی در شرایط 75 پی‌پی‌ام و در زمان 7 روز سبب کاهش قوه نامیه تا 31.5 درصد در دانه جو گردید. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده، استفاده از غلظت 50 پی‌پی‌ام در طی 3 روز ازن‌دهی برای نگهداری دانه جو را می‌توان پیشنهاد کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the Effect of Ozone Gas on Quality Characteristics and Storage Life of Barley Grain

چکیده [English]

Barley were ranked fourth among the cereals, and due to their beneficial and nutritious properties their consumption is increasing in most countries of the world. In order to replace the new and risk-free methods to extend the shelf life of cereals (instead of chemical pesticides), the use of ozone gas. in this study the effect of ozone gas with two variables of ozone concentration (25, 50 and 75 ppm) on ozonation time (1, 3, 5 and 7 days) in barley (Reyhaneh cultivar) compared to the control sample by determining storage characteristics of barley in terms of control of fungal, insects growth, germination power and changes in grains quality characteristics. The results showed that increased ozone concentration and ozonation time increased control of fungal growth, spread of fungal toxins (aflatoxins) and increased effect of ozone on storage pests grains. The mean comparison test showed that this increase was not significant at concentrations greater than 50 ppm and 3 days ozonation time in both grains (P<0.05). Also, the use of 75 ppm ozone at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days caused significant oxidative changes compared to the control in fat (acidity and peroxide) and starch (carboxyl index) barley. The different ozonation conditions up to 50 ppm concentration and all time had no significant effect on protein content in barley compared to control (P<0.05). The results of seed germination evaluation showed no significant decrease in seed germination at 50 ppm concentration up to 5 days of ozonation compared to control and ozonation at 75 ppm and at 7 days compared to the control sample reduced germination to 31.5%. Therefore, based on the results, it was suggested to use ozone concentration of 50 ppm for 3 days of ozonation for storage of barley grains.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Barley
  • Ozonation
  • Quality properties
  • Shelf life
Allen, B., Wu, J. N., and Doan, H. 2003. Inactivation of fungi associated with barley grain by gaseous ozone. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B-Pesticides Food Contaminants and Agricultural Wastes. 38 (5): 617–630.
Anon. 2005. AOAC. Official methods of analysis. 17th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Arlington. VA. USA.
Anon. 1996. ICMSF (International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods). Microorganisms in Foods. London: Blackie Academic and Professional, pp: 347-381.
Chattopadhyay, S., Singhal, R. S. and Kulkarni, P. R. 1997. Optimization of conditions of synthesis of oxidized starch from corn and amaranth for use in film-forming applications. Carbohydrate. Polymers. 34(4): 203-212.
Cullen, P. J., Tiwari, B. K., O’Donnell, C. P. and Muthukumarappan, K. 2009. Modelling approaches to ozone processing of liquid foods. Trends Food Science and Technology. 20 (3): 125-136.
Dodd, J. G., Vegi, A., Vashisht, A., Tobias, D., Schwarz, P. and Wolf-Hall, C. E. 2011. Effect of ozone treatment on the safety and quality of malting barley. Journal Food Protection. 74 (12): 2134-41.
Kells, S. A., Mason, L. J., Maier, D. E. and Woloshuk, C. P. 2001. Efficacy and fumigation characteristics of ozone in stored maize. Journal of Stored Products Research. 37 (4): 371–382.
Kottapalli, B., Wolf-Hall, C. E. and Schwarz, P. 2005. Evaluation of gaseous ozone and hydrogen peroxide treatments for reducing Fusarium survival in malting barley. Journal of Food Protection. 68 (6): 1236–1240.
Li, M., Zhu, K. X., Wang, B.-W., Guo, X. N., Peng, W. and Zhou, H. M. 2012. Evaluation the quality characteristics of wheat flour and shelf-life of fresh noodles as affected by ozone treatment. Food Chemistry. 135(4): 2163-2169.
Lu, B., Ren, Y., Du, Y.-z., Fu, Y. and Gu, J., 2009. Effect of ozone on respiration of adult Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Rhyzopertha dominica. Journal of Insect Physiology. 55 (10): 885–889.
Luo X, Wang R, Wang L, Li Y, Bian Y. and Chen Z. 2014. Effect of ozone treatment on aflatoxin B1 and safety evaluation of ozonized corn. Food Control. 37: 171-176.
Mendez, F., Maier, D. E., Mason, L. J. and Woloshuk, C. P. 2003. Penetration of ozone into columns of stored grains and effects on chemical composition and processing performance. Journal of Stored Products Research. 39(1): 33–44.
Mylona, K., Kogkaki, E., Sulyok, M. and Magan, N. 2014. Efficacy of gaseous ozone treatment on spore ermination, growth and fumonisin production by Fusarium verticillioides in vitro and in situ in maize. Journal of Stored Products Research. 59, 178-184.
Naito, S. and Takahara, H., 2006. Ozone contribution in food industry in Japan. Ozone- Science & Engineering, 28 (6): 425–429.
Pawar S. G., Pardeshi I. L., Bajad V. V., Surpam T. B. and Rokde H. N. 2015.Ozone: A New Controlled Strategy for Stored Grain Structures. Journal of Grain Processing and Storage. 2(1): 1-10.
Pereira, A. D. M., Faroni, L. R. D. A., De Sousa, A. H., Urruchi, W.I. and Paes, J. L. 2008. Influence of the grain temperature on the ozone toxicity to Tribolium castaneum. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrı´cola e Ambiental. 12 (5): 493–497.
Raila A, Lugauskas A, Steponavicˇ ius D, Railiene M, Steponavicˇ iene A, and Sánchez-Rivera, M. M., García-Suárez, F. J. L., Velázquez del Valle, M., Gutierrez- Meraz, F. and Bello-Pérez, L. A. 2005. Partial characterization of banana starches oxidized by different levels of sodium hypochlorite. Carbohydrate. Polymers 62 (1): 50- 56.
Sánchez-Rivera, M. M., García-Suárez, F. J. L., Velázquez del Valle, M., Gutierrez- Meraz, F. and Bello-Pérez, L. A. 2005. Partial characterization of banana starches oxidized by different levels of sodium hypochlorite. Carbohydrate. Polymers. 62(1): 50- 56.
Santos, R. R., Faroni, L. R. D., ferreira, A. P. S. and Pereira, O. L. 2016. Ozone as fungicide in rice grains. Revista Brasileira Agricola Ambiental 20 (3): 230-235.
Savi, G.D., and Scussel, V. M. 2014. Effects of ozone gas exposure on toxigenic fungi species from Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium genera. Ozone Science & Engineering, 3 (2), pp. 312-319.
Savi, G. D., Piacentini, K. C., Bittencourt, K. O. and Scussel, V. S. 2014. Ozone treatment efficiency on Fusarium graminearum and deoxynivalenol degradation and its effects on whole wheat grains (Triticum aestivum L.) quality and germination. Journal of Stored Products Research. 59(1): 245-253.
Shamshirsaz, M. and Farahmand, R. 2014. Effect of ozone gas on wheat storage. Review article at the Second National Conference on Optimization-Production of Production, Distribution and Consumption Chains in the Food Industry. Tehran, Iran, pp. 7-12. (In Persian).
Tiwari, B. K., Brennan, C. S., Curran, T., Gallagher, E., Cullen, P. J. and O’Donnell, C. P. 2010. Application of ozone in grain processing. Journal Cereal Science. 51(3): 248-255.
Vanier, N. L., Zavareze, E. R., Pinto, V. Z., Klein, B., Botelho, F. T., Dias, A. R. G. and Elias, M. C. 2012. Physicochemical, crystallinity, pasting and morphological properties of bean starch oxidised by different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite. Food Chemistry. 131(4): 1255-1262.
Vidal, Ae Sanchis, V., Ramos, R. J. and Marı´n, S. 2016. The fate of deoxynivalenol through wheat processing to food products. Food Science. 11(2): 34–39.
Vikash Chandra, V. 2018. Applications and Investigations of Ozone in Cereal Grain Storage and Processing: Benefits and Potential Drawbacks. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. Special Issue.7, 5034-5041.
Wang. L., Luo, Y., Wang, R. and Li, Y. 2016. Effect of deoxynivalenol detoxification by ozone treatment in wheat grains. Food Control. 66, 137-144.
Wu, Q., Jezkova, A., Yuan, Z., Pavlikova, L., Dohnal, V. and Kuca, K. 2009. Biological degradation of aflatoxins. Drug Metabolism Reviews. 41 (1): 1–7.