نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی

2 مهندسی آب. پردیس ابوریحان-دانشگاه تهران. تهران. ایران

چکیده

هدف این پژوهش بررسی تاثیر سطوح مختلف غلظت کادمیم محـیط ریـشه بر مقدار جذب و تجمع آن در اندام‌های مختلف هفت نوع سبزی رایـج در کشور است که به صورت یک طرح آزمایشی فاکتوریل در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تیمار و سه تکرار در سال 1389 به اجرا درآمد. تیمارها شامل غلظت‌های صفر، 50 و 100 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم کادمیم در خاک است. خاک مورد استفاده بعد الک کردن با مش دو میلی‌متر و افزودن نیترات کادمیم و مخلوط کردن کامل تهیه شد برای کاشت از گلدان پلاستیکی استفاده شد. در پایان فصل زراعی از بخش‌های مختلف گونه‌ها برای سنجش مقدار تجمع کـادمیم نمونـه‌بـرداری و آزمایش شد، نتایج حاصل با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SPSS مورد تجزیه و تحلیل آماری قرار گرفت. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده، به جز تیمار شاهد در سایر تیمارها میزان تجمع کادمیم در بخش‌های گونه‌های مورد مطالعه بیش از حد مجاز موسسه استاندارد و تحقیقات صنعتی ایران (0.05 و 0.1 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم) و FAO/WHO (0.2میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم) برای مصارف انسانی است. میزان تجمع کـادمیم در بخش‌های مختلف سبزی‌های بـه ترتیـب شـامل ساقه: کاهو، نعنا، گشنیز، شاهی، پیاز، جعفری و تره‌فرنگی؛ برگ: کاهو، شاهی، پیاز، گشنیز، جعفری، نعنا و تره‌فرنگی؛ ریشه: شاهی، کاهو، نعنا، گشنیز، جعفری، پیاز و تره‌فرنگی است. نتایج بررسی‌ها حاکی از آن است که بیشترین مقدار تجمع کادمیم در بین اندام‌ سبزی‌های مورد مطالعه مربوط به ساقة کاهو (6.8 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم) و کمترین میزان آن، مربوط به ریشة تره‌فرنگی (0.77 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم) و بیشتر از حد استاندارد است. به طور کلی در تیمارهای حاوی نیترات کادمیم تمام گونه‌ها دچار سمیت شدند و در تیمار شاهد سمیت و آسیبی در گیاهان مشاهده نشد. بالا بودن میزان تجمع فلز کادمیم در برگ کاهو، شاهی و پیاز دارای اهمیت است و بیانگر استعداد این محصولات در تجمع کادمیم بیشتر در برگ خود است. از این رو این سبزی‌ها شرایط مصرف توسط شهروندان را ندارند و باید نسبت به مدیریت شرایط کشت آنها تدبیرهای لازم اتخاذ شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Cadmium Uptake and Distribution in Different Sectors of Common Vegetables in the Country

نویسنده [English]

  • Akram Hosseinnejadmir 2

2 water ingenering- faculity aburehan. The University of Tehran. Tehran. Iran

چکیده [English]

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of different levels of cadmium concentration of the soil on accumulation of cadmium in various parts of seven different types of common vegetable crops: lettuce, spearmint, coriander, cress, onion, parsley and leeks. A factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replicates and three treatments was conducted. The treatments included three levels of cadmium concentration in soil 50 mg.kg-1, 100 mg.kg-1 and control with no cadmium. The soil used in this study was prepared by using a sieve with a 2mm mesh and adding nitrate cadmium plastic pots were employed to cultivate vegetables. At the end of the growing season, samples were prepared from different parts of the plants to measure cadmium concentration. The SPSS software was employed to analyze the data. The results showed that cadmium concentrations were higher than 0.05 to 0.1 mg/kg and 0.2 mg/kg, the rates that Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran and FAO/WHO, respectively, announced as safe for human consumption. Cadmium was found in stems: of lettuce, spearmint, coriander, cress, onion, parsley and leeks from highest to lowest; in leaves: of lettuce, cress, onion, coriander, parsley, spearmint and leeks; from highest to lowest; and in; roots: of cress, lettuce, spearmint, coriander, parsley, onion and leeks from highest to lowest. The results indicated that the highest amount of cadmium concentration among the different parts of the vegetables was founded in lettuce stem (6.8 mg/kg) and the lowest amount in leek root (0.77 mg/kg), both higher than what has determined as safe for human consumption. All treatments were considered as unsafe treatment while no sign of toxicity was found in control sample. The high accumulation of cadmium in lettuce, cress and onion, the vegetables that are consumed more, is critical due to their potential to accumulate this element in their leaves. These vegetables cannot be safe for consumption by human if is grown in soils with high concentration of cadmium.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cadmium nitrate
  • Cress
  • Lettuce
  • Onions
  • Polluted soil
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