تحقیقات مهندسی صنایع غذایی

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بررسی تولید و خصوصیات فیزیکوشیمیایی سرکه خرمای استعمران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات فنی ومهندسی کشاورزی، مرکزتحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز ایران

2 بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز،

چکیده

سرکه یک چاشنی فراسودمند و پرمصرف در سراسر جهان است که از مواد اولیه مختلفی تهیه می‌شود. گزارش‌های زیادی در تأیید قدرت ضداکسایشی سرکه و استفاده از آن به عنوان کاهنده چربی خون و کاهش وزن وجود دارد. این ماده همچنین به دلیل وجود مواد مغذی مانند کربوهیدرات‌ها، اسیدهای آمینه و پپتیدها، ویتامین‌ها و مواد معدنی یک افزودنی غذایی برتر است. برای اینکه سرکه‌ای با بالاترین بازده تولید شود، ابتدا فرآورده‌ای که به‌کار گرفته می‌شود باید درصد قند مناسبی داشته باشد که در شرایط بهینه به اتانول تبدیل و پس از آن از الکل با شرایطی مانند هوا دهی مناسب و.. سرکه تولید شود. در این طرح، از خرمای استعمران با توجه به در صد قند بالای آن استفاده شد. ابتدا تخمیر بی‌هوازی تبدیل قند خرما با غلظت‌های (10، 20، 30، 40 و 50 درصد) به اتانول، با استفاده از ساکارومایسس سرویزیه (با غلظت 5، 10، 15، 20 و 30 گرم در لیتر)، به مدت (24، 48، 72 و 96 ساعت) صورت گرفت و در مرحله دوم، در معرض استوباکترها در دمای 30 درجه‌سلسیوس به مدت ۲۱، تخمیر هوازی تبدیل اتانول به اسید استیک روز عملی گردید. در این مدت، میزان بهره‌وری الکل و اسیداستیک و راندمان تخمیر اندازه‌گیری و داده‌ها تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها شدند و برای مقایسه میانگین‌ها و رسم نمودار به ترتیب از نرم‌افزار SPSS و Excel استفاده شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که از 1 کیلوگرم خرمای استعمران 4.30 لیتر اتانول با خلوص حدود 48 درصد (حجمی/وزنی) در مدت زمان 96 ساعت تولید شده است. در مرحله تخمیر استیکی، پس از گذشت 12 تا 14 روز این میزان الکل حدود 4 لیتر سرکه طبیعی با 6.62درصد اسیداستیک (حجمی/وزنی) با راندمان تخمیر 90.5 درصد تولید کرده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of production and physicochemical properties of Estamaran date vinegar

نویسندگان [English]

  • Leila Behbahani 1
  • Maryam Ravaghi 2

1 Department Research Engineering Agricultural, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahwaz, Iran.

2 Department Research Engineering Agricultural, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center. Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahwaz, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Vinegar has long been used worldwide as a basic seasoning that can be produced from different materials. Many reports have focused on the antioxidant activity of vinegar and its use to lose fat and weight. It is also one of the superior food additives as it contains different nutrients such as carbohydrates, amino acids, peptides, vitamins and minerals. To produce vinegar of higher yield, substrates with suitable amounts of sugar should be transformed to ethanol in optimum situation, then acetic acid should be produced from alcohol using suitable ­aerobic microtrganisms. In this project, Estamaran dates due to their high amount of sugar were transformed into vinegar in two stages. During the first stage, anaerobic fermentation of different concentrations of date sugars (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%) to ethanol was carried out using different concentrations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 g/L) and ethanol concentrations were measured in 24, 48, 72 and 96 h), then, the aerobic conversion of ethanol to acetic acid was accomplished by Acetobacters in 30 ̊C for 21 days. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS and graphs were represented by Excel. The results showed that 4.3 liters of ethanol with a purity of nearly 48% (v/w) were produced during 96 h from one kilogram of date fruit. In the acetic acid fermentation stage, 4 liters of acetic acid with a purity of 6.62% (v/w) and fermentation yield of 90.5% after 12-14 days were collected.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dates
  • vinegar
  • alcohol. fermentation
مراجع
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تحقیقات مهندسی صنایع غذایی
دوره 22، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 75
پاییز و زمستان 1402
دی 1402
صفحه 45-54
فایل ها
هم رسانی
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