نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه کشاورزی، واحد سوادکوه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سوادکوه، ایران

2 گروه شیمی، واحد سوادکوه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سوادکوه، ایران

3 دانشکده علوم و مهندسی صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم دارویی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

10.22092/fooder.2024.365356.1385

چکیده

برای بهبود خواص مکانیکی، فیزیکی و نیز بیولوژیکی فیلم‌های زیست ­پلیمری، ساخت فیلم­های کامپوزیت با اختلاط پلیمرهای مختلف و پرکننده ­ها و افزودنی ­ها مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی خصوصیات فیزیکی، مکانیکی و ضدمیکروبی فیلم مرکب فعال با 5 تیمار شامل فیلم دوجزیی پلی­ وینیل­ الکل/ کیتوزان، فیلم سه­ جزیی پلی­ وینیل الکل/ کیتوزان/ مونت­ موریلونیت، فیلم سه ­جزیی همراه با عصاره­ های آویشن شیرازی (2 درصد) و سیر (2 درصد) به ­تنهایی یا در ترکیب با یکدیگر در قالب یک طرح کاملاً تصادفی اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد افزودن نانو مونت ­موریلونیت به فیلم دوجزیی موجب ساخت فیلم­های مرکب سه ­جزیی با خصوصیات مکانیکی و فیزیکی بهتری شد. در عین حال ساخت فیلم مرکب سه­ جزیی فعال با افزودن عصاره­ های گیاهی به­خصوص هنگام استفاده توأم آنها در ترکیب فیلم علاوه بر خصوصیات مکانیکی و فیزیکی بهتر موجب تقویت خصوصیت ضدمیکروبی فیلم شد. فیلم مرکب سه­جزیی فعال حاوی عصاره­های آویشن شیرازی و سیر با دارا بودن بیشترین ضخامت (mm 0.18)، استحکام کششی، کرنش، انحلال ­پذیری، ظرفیت جذب آب مطلوبی داشته که منجر به کمترین نفوذپذیری به بخار آب (gmm/m2 h Pa 3.65) و بیشترین قطر ناحیه مهار رشد علیه باکتری­های استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس (mm 23.33) و اشریشیا کلی (mm 18.46) شد. بنابراین این فیلم کامپوزیت سه ­جزیی فعال با دارا بودن ویژگی­های مطلوب فیزیکی، مکانیکی و ضدمیکروبی، قابلیت بکارگیری به ­عنوان ماده بسته ­بندی زیست­ تخریب ­پذیر در صنایع غذایی را دارد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Survey the properties of active composite film containing garlic (Allium sativum L) and thyme (Zataria multiflora Boiss) extract aimed at food packaging

نویسندگان [English]

  • Dariush Khademi Shurmasti 1
  • Fatemeh Norkami 1
  • Abdullah Alizadeh Karsalari 2
  • Kasra Momenian 3

1 Department of Agriculture, Savadkooh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Savadkooh, Iran

2 Department of Chemistry, Savadkooh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Savadkooh, Iran

3 Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

To improve the mechanical, physical and biological properties of bio-polymeric films, the fabrication of composite films has been considered by mixing different polymers, fillers and additives. The present study was carried out to survey the physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of active composite film in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments, including two-component polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan film, three-component polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan/montmorillonite film, three-component film incorporated thyme (2%) and garlic (2%) extract alone or in combination with each other. The findings showed that adding nano-montmorillonite to the two-component film resulted in three-component composite films with improved mechanical and physical properties. At the same time, the fabrication of a three-component active composite film by adding plant extracts, especially when they are used together in the composition of the film, in addition to improved mechanical and physical properties, reinforced the antimicrobial properties of the film. The three-component active composite film containing thyme and garlic extract has the highest thickness (0.18 mm), favourable tensile strength, longation at break, solubility, and water absorption capacity, leading to the lowest water vapour permeability (3.65 gmm/m2hPa), and the maximum diameter of the inhibitory zone against S. aureus (23.33 mm) and E. coli (18.46 mm). Therefore, this active three-component composite film, having favourable physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties, can be used as a biodegradable packaging material in the food industry.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biodegradable packaging
  • Polyvinyl alcohol
  • Composite film
  • Chitosan
  • Montmorillonite
Abdullaha, Z.W., Dong, Y., Daviesa, I.J. and Barbhuiya, S. 2017. PVA, PVA blends and their nanocomposites for biodegradable packaging application. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 56(12): 1307-1344. DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2016.1275684
Abdollahi, M., Damirchi, S., Shafafi, M., Rezaei, M. and Ariaii, P. 2019. Carboxymethyl cellulose-agar biocomposite film activated with summer savory essential oil as an antimicrobial agent. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 126: 561–568. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.115
Abiy, E. and Berhe, A. 2016. Anti-bacterial effect of garlic (Allium sativum) against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli from patients attending hawassa referral hospital, Ethiopia. Journal of Infectious Diseases and Treatment, 2(2): 18. DOI: 10.21767/2472-1093.100023
Ahmadi, E., Abdollahi, A., Najafipour, S., Meshkibaf, M.H. & Fasihi-Ramandi, M. 2016. Surveying the effect of the phenol compounds on antibacterial activity of herbal extracts: In vitro assessment of herbal extracts in Fasa-Fars province. Journal of Fasa University of Medical Sciences, 6(2): 210-220. (In Persian)
Alizadeh, V., Barzegar, H., Nasehi, B. and Samavati, V. 2017. Characterization of physical and antimicrobial properties of chitosan edible films containing Pistacia atlantica gum essence. Iranian Food Science and Technology Research Journal, 13(4): 584-593. DOI: 10.22067/ifstrj.v1395i0.50541 (In Persian)
Angane, M., Swift, S., Huang, K., Perera, J., Chen, X., Butts, Ch.A. and Quek, S.Y. 2024. Synergistic antimicrobial interaction of plant essential oils and extracts against foodborne pathogen. Food Science & Nutrition, 12: 1189-1206. DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.38
Ansarifar, E. and Moradinezhad, F., 2022. Encapsulation of thyme essential oil using electrospun zein fiber for strawberry preservation. Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture, 9: 1-11. DOI: 10.1186/s40538-021-00267-y
ASTM. 1995. Standard test methods for water vapor transmission of material, E96-95, Annual book of ASTM, Philadelphia: American Society for Testing and Materials.
ASTM International, ASTM D882-18. 2018. Standard test method for tensile properties of thin plastic sheeting. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
Butnaru, E., Cheaburu, C.N., Yilmaz, O., Pricope, G.M. and Vasile, C. 2016. Poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan/montmorillonite nanocomposites for food packaging applications: Influence of montmorillonite content. High Performance Polymers, 28(10):1-15. DOI: 10.1177/0954008315617231
Burt, S. 2004. Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods-a review. Int. J. Food Microbiol., 94: 223–253. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.03.022
Choi, H.J., Choi, S.W., Lee, N. and Chang, H.J., 2022. Antimicrobial activity of chitosan/ gelatin/ Poly(vinyl alcohol) ternary blend film incorporated with Duchesnea indica extract in strawberry applications. Foods, 11: 3963. DOI: 10.3390/foods11243963
Dias, M.V., de Medeiros, H.S., Soares, N.F.F., Melo N.R., Borges S.V., Carneiro J.D.S., Pereira, J.M.T.A.K. 2013. Development of low-density polyethylene films with lemon aroma. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 50 (1): 167-171. DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2012.06.005
Ehsan, M. and Khademi Shurmasti, D. 2021. Effect of washing and active nanocomposite coating of carboxymethyl cellulose-nanoclay containing marjoram extract (Origanum vulgare L) on egg quality during storage at ambient temperature. Iranian Journal of Food Science and Technology, 18(118): 107-118. DOI: 10.52547/fsct.18.09.09 (In Persian)
Feyzollahi, Y., Golmohammadi, A., Nematollahzadeh, A. and Tahmasebi, M. 2021. The effect of Zataria multiflora essential oil as a crosslinking agent on biodegradable zein film properties. Journal of Environmental Sciences Studies, 6(2): 3730-3739. (In Persian)
Giannakas, A., Vlacha, M., Salmas, C., Leontiou, A., Katapodis, P., Stamatis, H., Barkoula, N-M. and Ladavos, A. 2016. Preparation, characterization, mechanical, barrier and antimicrobial properties of chitosan/PVOH/clay nanocomposites. Carbohydrate Polymers, 140: 408-415. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.12.072
Haghighi, H., De Leo, R., Bedin, E., Pfeifer, F., Siesler, H.W. and Pulvirenti, A. 2019. Comparative analysis of blend and bilayer films based on chitosan and gelatin enriched with LAE (lauroyl arginate ethyl) with antimicrobial activity for food packaging applications. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 19: 31-39.
Hashemi, S.A., Azadeh, S., Movahed Nouri, B. and Alizade Navai, R. 2017. Review of pharmacological effects of Zataria multiflora Boiss. (Thyme of Shiraz). International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences, 6(8): 78-84
Hassanzadeh, H., Alizadeh, M. and Rezazad, B.M. 2019. Nano-encapsulation of garlic extract by water-in-oil emulsion physicochemical and antimicrobial characteristics. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 84(15): 337-347.
Hosseini, S. F., Rezaei, M., Zandi, M. and Farahmandghavi, F. 2015. Bio-based composite edible films containing Origanum vulgare L. essential oil. Industrial Crops and Products, 67: 403-413. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.01.062
Kaiwen, CH., Ching, Y.CH., Chuah, CH. H, Sabariah, J., Liou, N.S. 2016. Preparation and characterization of polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan composite films reinforced with cellulose nanofiber. Materials, 9(8): 644. DOI: 10.3390/ma9080644
Khademi Shurmasti, D., Riazi Kermani, P., Sarvarian, M. and Godswill Awuchi, C. 2023. Egg shelf life can be extended using varied proportions of polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan composite coatings. Food Science & Nutrition, 11(9): 5041-5049. DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3394
Kusmono and Abdurrahim, I. 2019. Water sorption, antimicrobial activity, and thermal and mechanical properties of chitosan/clay/glycerol nanocomposite films. Heliyon, 5, e02342. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02342
Mardani Kiasari, M. and Khademi Shurmasti, D. 2020. Effect of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) extract and nanoclay in nanocomposite coating on the physicochemical and microbial properties of chicken fillets during refrigerated storage. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 17(106): 13-21. DOI: 10.29252/fsct.17.09.02 (In Persian).
Meenu, M., Padhan, B., Patel, M., Patel, R. and Xu, B. 2023. Antibacterial activity of essential oils from different parts of plants against Salmonella and Listeria spp. Food Chem., 404: 134723. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134723
Meilanie Putri, U., Rochmanti, m., Retno Wahyunitisari, M. and Setiabudi, R.J., 2021. The antibacterial effect of ethanol extract of garlic (Allium sativum L.) on methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) In Vitro. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 15(2): 3504-3509.
Misaghi, A., Saeedi, M., Noori, N. and Rezaeigolestani, M.R. 2018. Study of effect of oregano essential oil and ethanolic extract of propolis on antibacterial properties and some physical characteristics of biodegradable poly-lactic acid films. Iranian Journal of Health and Environment, 11(1): 111-22. (In Persian)
Monedero, F.M., Fabra, M.J., Talens, P. and Chiralt, A. 2009. Effect of oleic acid-beeswax mixtures on mechanical, optical and barrier properties of soy protein isolate based films. J. Food Eng. 91: 509-515. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.09.034
Mushtaq, M., Gani, A., Gani, A., Punoo, H. A., and Masoodi, F. A. 2018. Use of pomegranate peel extract incorporated zein film with improved properties for prolonged shelf life of fresh Himalayan cheese (Kalari/kradi). Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies, 48, 25-32. DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2018.04.020
Pathare, P. B., Opara, U.L. and Al-Said, F.A.J., 2013. Color measurement and analysis in fresh and processed foods: a review. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 6: 36-60. DOI: 10.1007/s11947-012-0867-9.
Rahman, H. Sofiuzzaman, Md., Mondal I.H., Rahman, A., Ahmed, F., Islam, M. and Habib, A. 2022. Recent advancement of PVA/chitosan-based composite biofilm for food packaging. Biomed J Sci & Tech Res., 46(1): 36982- 36986. DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2022.46.007286
Raj, V.A., Sankar, K., Narayanasamy, P., Moorthy, I.G., Sivakumar, N., Rajaram, S.K., Karuppiah, P., Shaik, M.R., Alwarthan, A., Oh, T.H., et al. 2023. Development and characterization of bio-based composite films for food packing applications using boiled rice water and pistacia vera shells. Polymers, 15, 3456. DOI: 10.3390/polym15163456
Riazi Kermani, P., Khademi Shurmasti, D. and Alizadeh Karsalar, A. 2023. Investigation of physical, mechanical and morphological properties of chitosan film prepared with different levels, molecular weights and solvents. Journal of Packaging Science and Technology, 14(2): 9-19. (In Persian)
Rostini, I., Junianto, and Warsiki, E. 2023. Designing bio-based color sensor from myofibrillar-protein-based edible film incorporated with Sappan Wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) extract for smart food packaging. Applied Science, 13: 8205. DOI: 10.3390/app13148205
Sharbatdar, H.H. Khademi Shurmasti, D. 2023. Effect of solvent types in chitosan-based nanocomposite coating on internal quality and eggshell morphology. Asia-Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 28(4), APST–28. DOI: 10.14456/apst.2023.65
Sharifi, A. and Khademi Shurmasti, D. 2023. Effect of chitosan molecular weight and type of plasticizer in edible coating on internal quality and eggshell morphology. Iranian Journal of Food Science and Technology, 20(136):137-149. DOI: 10.22034/FSCT.20.136.137 (In Persian).
Srivastava, K.R., Kumar Singh, M., Kumar Mishra, P. and Srivastava, P. 2019. Pretreatment of banana pseudostem fibre for green composite packaging film preparation with polyvinyl alcohol. Journal of Polymer Research, 26 (4):4. DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1751-3.
Tripathi, S., Mehrotra, G.K., Dutta, P.K. 2009. Physicochemical and bioactivity of cross-linked chitosan–PVA film for food packaging applications. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 45: 372–376. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2009.07.006
Vroman, I., and L. Tighzert. 2009. Biodegradable Polymers. Materials, 2(2): 307-344. DOI: 10.3390/ma2020307.
Wang, K., Wang, W., Ye, R., Liu, A., Xiao, J., Liu, Y. and Zhao, Y. 2017. Mechanical properties and solubility in water of corn starch-collagen composite films: Effect of starch type and concentrations. Food Chem., 216, 209–216. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.048
Zahed Karkaj, S. and Peighambardoust, S.J., 2018. Physical, mechanical and antibacterial properties of nanobiocomposite films based on carboxymethyl cellulose/nanoclay. Iranian Journal of Polymer Science and Technology, 30(6): 557-572. DOI: 10.22063/JIPST.2018.1536 (In Persian)
Zafarmand Kashani, F. and Khademi Shurmasri, D. 2021. Antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of Zataria multiflora Boiss and Cuminum cyminum L. alcoholic extracts in bioactive coatings on chicken meat shelf life. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 37(3): 424-433. DOI: 10.22092/IJMAPR.2021.352887.2913 (In Persian)