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تأثیر پرتو گاما و بتا بر آفات و خواص بیوشیمیایی ارقام خرمای زاهدی و مضافتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری رشته حشره شناسی کشاورزی، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

2 عضوهیات علمی دانشگاه تهران

3 استاد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، پژوهشکده میوه‌های معتدله و سردسیری،

4 دانشیار مهندسی هسته ای، پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته‌ای، تهران، ایران

5 عضو هیات علمی/دانشکده کشاورزی کرج

10.22092/fooder.2024.366131.1396

چکیده

باتوجه‌ به ضرورت جایگزینی متیل بروماید، تأثیر دُزهای مختلف پرتوگاما و پرتو بتا در کنترل شپشۀ ­داندانه­دار و شب­پرۀ مدیترانه ­ای و خواص بیوشیمیایی میوه در دو رقم خرمای زاهدی و مضافتی بررسی شد. خرمای بسته‌بندی‌شده در معرض دُزهای مختلف 0، 250، 500، 750، 1000 و 1250 گری قرار گرفتند. برای پرتودهی از منبع کبالت-60 و  پرتو بتا با انرژی پرتو 10 مگا الکترون ولت استفاده شد. نتایج بررسی‌ها نشان داد که دُز کشنده 90 درصد پرتو گاما برای حشره کامل شپشۀ دندانه‌دار روی رقم زاهدی معادل 1132.33 گری و روی رقم مضافتی معادل 1172.76 گری و برای لارو شب‌پرۀ مدیترانه‌ای روی رقم زاهدی معادل 1055.16 گری و روی رقم مضافتی معادل 1126.06 گری است. همچنین، دُز کشنده 90 درصد پرتو بتا برای حشره کامل شپشۀ دندانه‌دار روی رقم زاهدی معادل 1160.92 گری و روی رقم مضافتی معادل 1255.97 گری و برای لارو شب‌پرۀ مدیترانه‌ای روی رقم زاهدی معادل 1177.67 گری و روی رقم مضافتی معادل 1340.16 گری است. در هر دو رقم، شیب افزایش شاخص بریکس با افزایش دُز پرتودهی در تیمارهای پرتودهی گاما بالاتر از بتا بود. مقدار قندهای احیاکننده با افزایش تدریجی سطح دُز تابش تا 1250 گری نسبت  به شاهد کاهش یافت. در فاصله دُزهای 500 تا 1000 گری مقاومت نسبت به کاهش مقدار قند مشاهده شد. با افزایش دُز پرتودهی مقدار ترکیبات فنولیک به‌تدریج کاهش یافت. قدرت آنتی‌اکسیدانی آهن آهن با افزایش دُز پرتودهی با شیب ملایمی افزایش نشان داد. تفاوت معنی­داری بـین داده ­های پارامترهای رنگ در شاهد و تیمارهای پرتودهی مشاهده نشد. باتوجه‌به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده پرتودهی میوه خرمای ارقام زاهدی و مضافتی با دُزهای 1000 تا 1250 گری ضمن کنترل دو آفت انباری مهم خرما، تأثیر منفی و معنی­داری بر خواص بیوشیمیایی و ظاهری میوه این ارقام خرما به ­جا نگذاشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of Gamma and Beta radiation on pests and biochemical properties of Zahedi and Mozafati date varieties

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Jalili Moghadam 1
  • Jamasb Nozari 2
  • Masoud Latifian 3
  • Seyed Pezhman Shirmardi 4
  • Mohammad Mousavi 5

1 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

2 Member of the academic faculty of Tehran University

3 Professor, Temperate Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran.

4 Associate professor of nuclear engineering, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Tehran, Iran

5 Dept. Food Sci. Tecnol. Univ. Tehran

چکیده [English]

Considering the need to replace methyl bromide, the effect of Gamma and beta rays on the control of sawtoothed beetle and Mediterranean moths and the biochemical properties of fruit in two date varieties, Zahedi and Mozafati, were investigated. Packaged dates were exposed to doses of 0, 250, 500, 750, 1000 and 1250 g. Cobalt-60 source and beta radiation of 10 mega electron volts beam energy were used for irradiation. The results showed that the 90% lethal dose (LD90) of gamma radiation for the adult stage of the saw-toothed grain beetle on the Zahedi variety was 1132.33 Gy, and on the Mozafati variety, it was 1172.76 Gy. For the Mediterranean flour moth larvae, the LD90 on the Zahedi variety was 1055.16 Gy, and on the Mozafati variety, it was 1126.06 Gy. Furthermore, the 90% lethal dose (LD90) of beta radiation for the adult stage of the saw-toothed grain beetle on the Zahedi variety was 1160.92 Gy, and on the Mozafati variety, it was 1255.97 Gy. For the Mediterranean flour moth larvae, the LD90 on the Zahedi variety was 1177.67 Gy, and on the Mozafati variety, it was 1340.16 Gy. In both figures, the slope of the Brix index increased with increasing radiation dose and was higher in Gamma radiation treatments than in Beta radiation. The content of reducing sugars decreased with the gradual increase of the radiation dose level up to 1250 Gy compared to the control. Resistance to sugar content reduction was observed between 500 and 1000 g doses. With increasing radiation dose, the phenolic compound content gradually decreased. Also, the iron oxidation-reduction potential increased with increasing radiation dose. No significant difference was observed between the data of color parameter treatments. Results indicated that irradiation of date fruits of Zahedi and Mozafati cultivars of the estimated doses 1000 to 1250 Gy controlled two important storage pests of dates; bedide that, irradiation did not have significant negative effect on the biochemical properties of date cultivars.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Disinfection
  • Irradiation
  • Damaging factors
  • fruit quality
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تحقیقات مهندسی صنایع غذایی
دوره 23، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 77
پاییز و زمستان 1403
آذر 1403
صفحه 105-128
فایل ها
هم رسانی
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