نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم وصنایع غذایی، واحد قوچان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قوچان، ایران.

2 گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، واحد قوچان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قوچان، ایران

3 گروه فناوری های سبز مواد غذایی، موسسه پژوهشی علوم و صنایع غذایی، مشهد، ایران

10.22092/fooder.2026.369083.1419

چکیده

ماکادمیا مغزی خوراکی با روغن بالا و طعم مطلوب است که به‌عنوان مادۀ اولیه تولید کره‌های گیاهی به‌کار می‌رود. کره حاصل نیز یک سیستم نیمه‌جامد غنی از روغن است که کیفیت و پایداری آن به ساختار امولسیونی و ویژگی‌های رئولوژیکی وابسته است. در این پژوهش اثر لسیتین (0.1–0.2 درصد) و کربوکسی‌متیل‌سلولز (CMC) (0.05–0.10 درصد) بر پایداری امولسیون و ویژگی‌های رئولوژیکی کره ماکادمیا بررسی شده است. نتایج بررسی­ها نشان داد اثر خطی لسیتین بر پایداری امولسیون در سطح اطمینان ۹۵ درصد  (P<0.05) معنی‌دار  است و با افزایش آن در حضور کربوکسی‌متیل‌سلولز، پایداری ابتدا کمی کاهش و سپس افزایش می­یابد. مدول ذخیره (G′LVE) و مدول اتلاف (G″LVE) نیز به‌طور معنی‌داری تحت تأثیر غلظت این دو ماده قرار گرفتند، به‌طوری‌که در لسیتین پایین افزایش کربوکسی‌متیل‌سلولز باعث افزایش چشمگیر این مدول‌ها و تقویت ساختار شبکه‌ای شده اما در لسیتین بالاتر این اثر کاهش یافته است. افزایش کربوکسی‌متیل‌سلولز در حضور لسیتین کم موجب افزایش تنش تسلیم (τy) و کرنش بحرانی (γc) و افزایش مقاومت ساختاری در برابر تغییر شکل شد. از سوی دیگر، تانژانت اتلاف در ناحیۀ خطی (tan δLVE) با افزایش لسیتین افزایش و با افزایش کربوکسی‌متیل‌سلولز کاهش یافت که نشان‌دهندۀ تغییر نسبت رفتار ویسکوز به الاستیک است. در نتایج بهینه‌یابی، بهترین فرمولاسیون شامل 0.17 درصد لسیتین و 0.1 درصد کربوکسی‌متیل‌سلولز بود که در این شرایط پایداری امولسیون و ویژگی‌های ویسکوالاستیک بهینه شدند و نشان داد استفادۀ همزمان از این دو ماده در مقادیر مناسب موجب بهبود ساختار و پایداری کره ماکادمیا می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Lecithin and Carboxymethyl Cellulose on the Viscoelastic Properties of Macadamia Butter

نویسندگان [English]

  • Vahid Hakimzadeh 1
  • Zohreh Saraei 2
  • Morteza Kashaninejad 3

1 Department of Food Science and Technology, Qu.C.,Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran

2 Department of Food Science and Technology, Qu.C., Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran

3 Department of Green Technologies in Food Processing, Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST), Mashhad, Iran

چکیده [English]

Macadamia is an edible nut with high oil content and a desirable flavor, commonly used as a raw material for producing plant‑based butters. The resulting butter is a semi‑solid, oil‑rich system whose quality and stability depend on its emulsion structure and rheological properties. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of lecithin (0.1–0.2%) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (0.05–0.1%) on the emulsion stability and rheological properties of macadamia butter. The results showed that the linear effect of lecithin on emulsion stability was significant at the 95% confidence level (P<0.05). Increasing lecithin concentration in the presence of CMC caused a slight initial decrease followed by an increase in emulsion stability. The storage modulus (G′LVE) and loss modulus (G″LVE) were also significantly affected by lecithin and CMC concentrations. At low lecithin levels, increasing CMC markedly increased these moduli, indicating strengthening of the system’s network structure, whereas this effect diminished at higher lecithin concentrations. Additionally, increasing CMC in the presence of low lecithin increased yield stress (τy) and critical strain (γc), indicating greater structural resistance to deformation. Furthermore, the loss tangent in the linear viscoelastic region (tan δLVE) increased with lecithin concentration but decreased with increasing CMC, reflecting changes in the balance between viscous and elastic behavior. Optimization results indicated that the best formulation consisted of 0.17% lecithin and 0.1% CMC, under which emulsion stability and viscoelastic properties were optimized. These findings suggest that the simultaneous use of lecithin and CMC at appropriate levels can improve the structure and stability of macadamia butter.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Macadamia butter
  • Carboxymethyl cellulose
  • Storage modulus
  • Loss modulus
  • Yield stress
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