نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش

2 دانشیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج

3 استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات مهندسی صنایع غذایی و فناوری‌های پس از برداشت، مؤسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات،

4 استادیار پژوهش، بخش مکانیزاسیون و ماشین‌های کشاورزی، موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی.

10.22092/fooder.2026.371151.1435

چکیده

خرمای رقم برحی یکی از مهم ترین ارقام تجاری است که به صورت عمده در استان خوزستان تولید می­شود. در چند سال اخیر تغییرات اقلیمی و بروز پدیده‌ ریزگردها در مناطق خرماخیز کشور باعث تشدید آلودگی خرما به گرد و غبار شده و کیفیت و ارزش خرمای تولیدی کشور را کاهش داده است. در این پژوهش برای پاکسازی خارک برحی از لانس تلسکوپی با به­کارگیری آب، لانس تلسکوپی با محلول کیتوزان 0.5 درصد، شستشوی خوشۀ خرما با لانس معمولی از پایین و هوای تحت فشار استفاده شد. نمونه­هایی از مرحلۀ خلال پیش از تیماردهی، با فاصله یک روز بعد از تیماردهی و یک ماه پس از اعمال تیمارها تهیه شد و از نظر میکروبی، ویژگی­های شیمیایی و رنگ بررسی گردید و نتایج با نمونۀ شاهد (بدون تمیزکردن) مقایسه شد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که مرحلۀ برداشت و روش پاکسازی اثر متقابل معنی­داری بر آزمون میکروبی، شاخص روشنایی و قرمزی نمونه­ها دارد، در حالی­که در دیگر آزمون­ها (قند کل و قندهای احیاءکننده، اسیدیته قابل تیتراسیون، اسید آسکوربیک، بریکس، pH، رطوبت، تانن و شاخص زردی) تنها اثر مرحله برداشت معنی­دار بود. کاربرد محلول کیتوزان به­ طور موثری باعث حذف قارچ­ ها (صفر کلنی در گرم) از سطح میوۀ برحی در مرحلۀ خلال شد و بر خلاف تیمارهای دیگر، تعداد قارچ ­ها پس از یک ماه افزایش نیافت. به علاوه، کیتوزان تغییر نامطلوبی در مرحله رسیدن و ویژگی­ های کیفی میوۀ برحی ایجاد نکرد و از این ­رو کاربرد آن مثبت ارزیابی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Pre-harvest Cleaning and Washing on the Microbial and Phisico-chemical Characteristics of Barhi Date Fruits

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Ravaghi 1
  • Jafar Habibi-Asl 2
  • Abolfazl Golshan-Tafti 3
  • Elyas Dehghan 4

1 Assistant Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran.

2 2- Associate Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran.

3 3- Assistant Professor, Food and Postharvest Technology Research Division, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.

4 4- Assistant Professor, Farm Power an Machinery Department, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Barhi date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L. cv. Barhi) is one of the most important commercial cultivars, with large-scale production concentrated in Khuzestan Province, Iran. In recent years, climatic changes and the occurrence of dust storms in date-producing regions have intensified dust contamination of dates, thereby reducing the quality and market value of the national product. In this study, several cleaning methods were applied to Barhi dates at the Khalal stage, including: washing fruit clusters using a telescopic lance with water, a telescopic lance with 0.5% chitosan solution, a conventional lance from below, and compressed air. Samples were collected before treatment, one day after treatment, and one month after treatment. They were analyzed for microbial load, chemical properties, and color characteristics, and the results were compared with the untreated control samples. The results showed that both the harvesting stage and the cleaning method had a significant interactive effect on microbial tests and on the lightness and redness indices of the samples, while in other tests (total sugars, reducing sugars, acidity, ascorbic acid, ºBrix, pH, moisture, tannin content and yellowness indices) only the harvesting stage showed a significant effect. The application of the chitosan solution effectively eliminated fungal contamination (0 CFU/g) from the surface of Barhi fruits at the Khalal stage, and the fungal count did not increase after one month. Furthermore, chitosan application did not cause any undesirable changes in the ripening stage or in the qualitative properties of Barhi fruits, and was therefore evaluated as a beneficial treatment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Barhi date
  • Khalal
  • Cleaning
  • Washing
  • Chitosan
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