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تأثیر گاز ازن بر آلودگی قارچی، ویژگی‌های شیمیایی و جوانه‌زنی دانه گندم (رقم مروارید)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

بخش تحقیقات فنی ومهندسی کشاورزی- مرکز گلستان

10.22092/fooder.2026.369804.1424

چکیده

گندم به دلیل تامین حدود ۴۷ درصد کالری روزانة خانوارهای ایرانی، مهم‌ترین محصول راهبردی بخش کشاورزی کشور محسوب می‌شود. به منظور جایگزینی روش‌های نوین و کم خطر در انبار کردن دانه‌ها‌ی غلات همراه با حفظ کیفیت آن، در این تحقیق اثر غلظت گاز ازن و مدت زمان ازن‌دهی روی برخی ویژگی‌های دانه‌ گندم رقم مروارید شامل میزان جوانه‌زنی، عدد زلنی، مقدار چربی، اسیدیته و عدد پراکسید روغن، میزان آلودگی قارچی و میزان افلاتوکسین کل پس از طی دورة چهار ماهة نگهداری با استفاده از طرح کاملاً تصادفی در قالب آزمایش‌های فاکتوریل 4×4 با چهار سطح غلظت گاز ازن (صفر پی.­پی.­ام حجمی ، 25 پی.­پی.­ام حجمی،50  پی.­پی.­ام حجمی و 75  پی.­پی.­ام حجمی) و چهار سطح مدت زمان ازن‌دهی (7، 5، 3 و 1 روز) بررسی گردید. نتایج تجزیة واریانس نشان داد که تیمارهای غلظت گاز ازن، مدت ازن‌دهی و اثر متقابل غلظت گاز ازن به‌همراه مدت ازن‌دهی تأثیر معنی‌داری (0.01>P) بر ویژگی‌های جوانه‌زنی، عدد زلنی، میزان آلودگی قارچی و افلاتوکسین کل دانه گندم مورد آزمایش دارد به‌طوری که کمینة‌ میزان جوانه‌زنی (94 درصد) در غلظت 75 قسمت در میلیون حجمی (پی.پی.ام حجمی) و بیشینة‌ آن (99.0 درصد) در غلظت‌های صفر و 25 پی.پی.ام حجمی (بدون اختلاف معنی‌دار (0.05>P))، بیشینة‌ میزان رسوب زلنی (34.19 میلی‌لیتر) در غلظت 50 پی.پی.ام حجمی و کمینة‌ آن (30.16 میلی‌لیتر) در غلظت صفر پی.پی.ام حجمی،  کمینة میزان آلودگی قارچی (88.3 کلنی در گرم نمونه) در غلظت 75 پی.پی.ام حجمی و بیشینة‌ آن (2725.0 کلنی در گرم نمونه) در غلظت صفر پی.پی.ام حجمی ، بیشینة میزان تولید افلاتوکسین کل (14.96 میکروگرم در گرم) در غلظت صفر پی.پی.ام حجمی و کمینة آن (غیر قابل اندازه‌گیری) در غلظت 75 پی.پی.ام حجمی مشاهده شد. نتایج تجزیة واریانس نشان داد که مدت ازن‌دهی تأثیر معنی‌دار (0.01>P) روی ویژگی‌های جوانه‌زنی، عدد زلنی، میزان آلودگی قارچی و افلاتوکسین کل دانة گندم مورد آزمایش دارد به‌طوری که بیشینة‌ جوانه‌زنی (100 درصد) با اعمال 5 روز و کمینة آن (96 درصد) در مدت 3 روز، بیشینة‌ عدد زلنی (32.72 میلی‌لیتر) (بدون اختلاف معنی‌دار با 1 و 5 روز) پس از 3 روز و کمینة آن (32.15 میلی‌لیتر) پس از 7 روز مشاهده شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که افزایش غلظت گاز ازن موجب کاهش معنی‌دار (0.01>P) میزان آلودگی قارچی و میزان تولید افلاتوکسین کل دانة‌ گندم می‌شود. کمینة میزان آلودگی قارچی (88.3 کلنی در گرم نمونه) در غلظت 75 پی.پی.ام حجمی و بیشینة‌ آن (2725.0 کلنی در گرم نمونه) در غلظت صفر پی.پی.ام حجمی مشاهده شد. بیشینة میزان تولید افلاتوکسین کل (15.11 میکروگرم در گرم) در غلظت صفر پی.پی.ام حجمی و یک روز ازن‌دهی و کمینة‌ آن (غیر قابل اندازه‌گیری) با اعمال غلظت‌های بالاتر از 50 پی.پی.ام حجمی در تمامی مدت‌های ازن‌دهی مشاهده شد. بنابراین، استفادة کنترل شده از گاز ازن به عنوان روشی نوین و دوستدار محیط زیست در فرآوری پس از برداشت می‌تواند به بهبود کیفیت و ایمنی دانه‌های گندم در دوره انبارداری کمک کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effect of Ozone Gas Treatment on Fungal contamination, Chemical Indices and Germination of Wheat Grain (cv. Morvarid)

چکیده [English]

Extended Abstract
Abstract
Wheat, providing about 47% of the daily caloric intake of Iranian households, is considered the most strategic agricultural crop in the country. To introduce novel and environmentally safe approaches for grain storage while maintaining product quality, the effects of ozone gas concentration and exposure duration on selected characteristics of Triticum aestivum cv. Morvarid wheat kernels was investigated. The evaluated parameters included germination rate, Zeleny sedimentation value, oil content, acidity and peroxide value of the extracted oil, fungal contamination level, and total aflatoxin content after a four-month storage period. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized factorial design (4×4), with four ozone concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 75 ppmv) and four exposure durations (1, 3, 5, and 7 days). Analysis of variance showed that ozone concentration, exposure time, and their interaction had significant effects (P< 0.01) on germination rate, Zeleny value, fungal contamination, and total aflatoxin content of the treated wheat. The lowest germination rate (94%) was recorded at 75 ppmv ozone, while the highest (99.0%) occurred at 0 and 25 ppmv with no significant difference (P > 0.05). The highest Zeleny sedimentation value (34.19 mL) was observed at 50 ppmv ozone, and the lowest (30.16 mL) at 0 ppmv. Minimum fungal contamination (3.88 CFU/g) was found at 75 ppmv ozone, while the maximum (2725 CFU/g) occurred in the untreated control. Similarly, the highest total aflatoxin level (14.96 µg/g) was measured at 0 ppmv ozone, whereas at 75 ppmv it was undetectable. Ozone exposure duration also had a significant effect (P< 0.01) on germination rate, Zeleny value, fungal contamination, and aflatoxin content. The maximum germination rate (100%) occurred after 5 days of exposure, and the minimum (96%) after 3 days. The highest Zeleny value (32.72 mL), not significantly different from the 1- and 5-day treatments, was obtained after 3 days, while the lowest (32.15 mL) occurred after 7 days. Overall, increasing ozone concentration significantly (P < 0.01) reduced fungal contamination and total aflatoxin levels in wheat grains. The minimum fungal count (3.88 CFU/g) was obtained at 75 ppmv ozone, whereas the maximum (2725 CFU/g) was found in the untreated control. The highest aflatoxin content (15.11 µg/g) was detected in the control (0 ppmv, 1-day exposure), while it became undetectable at ozone concentrations ≥50 ppmv for all exposure durations. Therefore, controlled use of ozone gas can be regarded as a novel, eco-friendly postharvest technology that contributes to improving the quality and safety of stored wheat grains during long-term storage.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Total Aflatoxin
  • Fungal contamination
  • Ozone
  • Wheat
  • Zeleny Value
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تحقیقات مهندسی صنایع غذایی
دوره 25، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 80
بهار و تابستان
فروردین 1405
صفحه 21-40
فایل ها
هم رسانی
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